The primary sensors for carbon dioxide are known as peripheral chemoreceptors, located within the both the carotid artery and aortic artery. These changes in carbon dioxide levels are detected within the blood and cause changes to the blood pH levels. An increase in carbon dioxide within the plasma of the blood results in an increase in H+ ions and HCO3- molecules, stimulating the peripheral chemoreceptors. This directly affects the sensory neurons that control respiratory control centers, leading to an increase in ventilation as represented by figure 4. Carbon dioxide is generated as a byproduct within the cells of the body during aerobic metabolism. In order to accomplish the crucial act of removing carbon dioxide from the body, it is transported within the blood to the lungs to be exhaled in three manners; carried physically while dissolved in blood; chemically through being combined with blood proteins as carbamino compounds; and chemically as bicarbonate. Roughly 7% of carbon dioxide within the body is dissolved directly into the blood plasma. Another 70% is converted into the bicarnonate ion. The mechanism for this reaction is: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-. The remaning 23% is then bound to hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin. In contrast, oxygen is transported via two different pathways. Roughly 98% of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin, while the other 2% is dissolved directly into the blood
The primary sensors for carbon dioxide are known as peripheral chemoreceptors, located within the both the carotid artery and aortic artery. These changes in carbon dioxide levels are detected within the blood and cause changes to the blood pH levels. An increase in carbon dioxide within the plasma of the blood results in an increase in H+ ions and HCO3- molecules, stimulating the peripheral chemoreceptors. This directly affects the sensory neurons that control respiratory control centers, leading to an increase in ventilation as represented by figure 4. Carbon dioxide is generated as a byproduct within the cells of the body during aerobic metabolism. In order to accomplish the crucial act of removing carbon dioxide from the body, it is transported within the blood to the lungs to be exhaled in three manners; carried physically while dissolved in blood; chemically through being combined with blood proteins as carbamino compounds; and chemically as bicarbonate. Roughly 7% of carbon dioxide within the body is dissolved directly into the blood plasma. Another 70% is converted into the bicarnonate ion. The mechanism for this reaction is: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-. The remaning 23% is then bound to hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin. In contrast, oxygen is transported via two different pathways. Roughly 98% of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin, while the other 2% is dissolved directly into the blood