“Raghib reorganized its arsenal, created a foundry for cannon, formed a corps of bridge builders, and started to construct new warships.” Also, Raghib Pasha founded the modern schools, such as “naval training, mathematics and engineering.” “He reorganized the administration, sought to restore order to the Empire’s finances, suppressed brigandage in Anatolia.” During Abdul Hamid I, “he found a treasury so depleted that he would not pay to the Janissaries the donative customary at the start of each reign.” His “ministers had ruled over an empire, exhausted by war, which for some thirteen years was to be relieved by a spell of relative peace.” After Abdul Hamid I, Selim III became a sultan. Kinross describes him that “Selim was a young man of energy and vision, bent on the salvation and reform of his country.” He founded “Nizam-I Jedid, or “The New Order” after the conclusion of peace with Russia.” But, “the New Order, acting on its various reports and memorials, had started to tackle problems of social and economic reform.” Overall, the reforms between 1754 and 1808 were not successful because of a lack of supports from the Sultans and the Grand Viziers, a lack of technology, which could not compete with the European countries, not being inspired from the French revolution, and the negative effects of the Islamic rules and
“Raghib reorganized its arsenal, created a foundry for cannon, formed a corps of bridge builders, and started to construct new warships.” Also, Raghib Pasha founded the modern schools, such as “naval training, mathematics and engineering.” “He reorganized the administration, sought to restore order to the Empire’s finances, suppressed brigandage in Anatolia.” During Abdul Hamid I, “he found a treasury so depleted that he would not pay to the Janissaries the donative customary at the start of each reign.” His “ministers had ruled over an empire, exhausted by war, which for some thirteen years was to be relieved by a spell of relative peace.” After Abdul Hamid I, Selim III became a sultan. Kinross describes him that “Selim was a young man of energy and vision, bent on the salvation and reform of his country.” He founded “Nizam-I Jedid, or “The New Order” after the conclusion of peace with Russia.” But, “the New Order, acting on its various reports and memorials, had started to tackle problems of social and economic reform.” Overall, the reforms between 1754 and 1808 were not successful because of a lack of supports from the Sultans and the Grand Viziers, a lack of technology, which could not compete with the European countries, not being inspired from the French revolution, and the negative effects of the Islamic rules and