Nucleotide: a nucleic acid monomer, consisting of five carbon sugar covalently bonded to nitrogenous base and phosphate group. DNA “backbone” : chain nucleotide made of sugar and phosphate group that are joined together by covalent bond and are resistant to cleavage Antiparallel: the 2 strands of DNA double helix that run in opposite directions of each other Reactive chemical group at the 5’ end of DNA: phosphate group Reactive chemical group at the 3’ end of DNA : hydroxyl group The four DNA nucleobases thymine (T), adenine (A), Cytosine (C) and guanine (G) , Complementary base pairing adenine and thymine pair (A-T) and guanine and cytosine pair (G-C) Melting temperature: temperature needed to break 50% of the hydrogen bonds Chromatin:…
Assignment 3.05 DNA DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the stuff in humans and almost all other organisms. About every cell in you and everyone else's body has the same DNA. DNA is usually located in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA),however small amounts of DNA can be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The DNA has information stored as a code created by four chemical bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Each base is connected to a sugar molecule and phosphate molecule.…
After, then other biochemical tests were performed that were specific to the gram- negative bacteria to start the identification process of the unknown. The results of the gram negative tests lead to the identification of the bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis. The gram stain procedure was the first test performed by isolating a colony from the pure culture streak plate. The gram stain was followed orderly right from the referenced laboratory manual. The test resulted to be Gram- Negative bacteria from the compound microscope which were pink and rod shaped that can be seen with the 100x objective lens with the oil immersion.…
Discussion Looking at the dichotomous key, the first test that helps narrow down the bacteria…
In this scientific journal, all the procedures, methods and technique will be given in a step-by-step to make it easier to follow and understand. By following the procedure, it will lead the way on how the unknown bacterium was able to distinguish. There are five…
The study of microbiology requires not only understanding the microscopic organisms, but also the understanding of lab techniques and procedures used to identify, control, and manipulate microorganisms. The identification of microorganisms is not only important in microbiology lab, but also in the medical field to identify an agent of a disease that will help treat the patient by using the correct antibiotics to kill off the host. In this unknown lab report, techniques and procedures learned in the microbiology laboratory during the semester that was performed to test ones practical understanding of microbiology. The sole purpose of the unknown lab is to demonstrate understanding of the experimental methods and lab techniques learned during…
In everyday life, people use disinfectants, substances used to destroy viruses and microbes such as bacteria and fungi1, to clean their bathrooms. If not properly sterilized and cleaned, the bathroom can be a domain for numerous bacteria including ubiquitous Serratia Marcescens, a short, rod shaped, facultative anaerobic, opportunistic pathogen that can cause nosocomial infections such as urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, meningitis, sepsis and cerebral abscesses2. Facultative anaerobic meaning that it can live and grow with or without molecular oxygen3. Serratia Marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell of a single layer of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane.…
The Gram positive unknown is identified to be cocci and Catalase positive result. Through this test, my result is narrowed Micrococcus, Planococcus, Sporosarcina, and Staphylococcus. This deduction is reached with several bits of evidence. Firstly, a Facultative Oxygen requirements result is eliminated Micrococcus, Planococcus, and Sporosarcina. A positive Acetion production is eliminated S. caseolyticus,S. gallinarum, S. hyicus subsp.…
The first test conducted was Gram staining. In the process of Gram staining, a small amount of the cultured bacteria was fixed on a slide with heat. Next crystal violet was used as the primary stain. After rinsing the primary stain, a mordant, Gram’s iodine, was added. Afterward, the slide was rinsed…
The purpose of using enzymes to test bacteria is to differentiate and characterize them. Bacteria secrete certain enzymes into the environment, and the presence of these enzymes can be…
Introduction Identifying microbes are important for working in the medical fields and also for research. Physical and cellular processes are ways in which microbes can be identified. A series of test were done to identify an unknown microbe labeled 5. Based on observation and the results conclusion was made to identify the bacteria as Enterobacter aerogenes.…
To identify unknown bacteria is crucial, especially in cases where a pathogenic infection were to occur. If we were not able to identify bacteria, infections would spread uncontrollably as there would be no way to know what treatment is necessary to successfully put an end to them. The ultimate purpose of this experiment is to be able to practice identifying unknown bacteria under a series of tests, to further familiarize ourselves with the characteristics of certain bacteria and how they react.…
Introduction Identifying unknown bacterium is not only vital to microbiology, but also to the medical and pharmaceutical industries in order to treat disease/infection properly. Bacteria are classified and identified to distinguish among strains and to group them by criteria of interest (1). There are several different procedures that can be utilized to identify a bacterium. This includes the oxidation test, gram stain, and catalase test. The purpose of this lab report is to show the understanding of all procedures used to identify the bacterium, and explain how the given results led to the identification of the unknown bacterium.…
The properties of selective and differential media suggest that differences between the bacterial species could be used in this lab to identify these six species but their effectiveness is unknown. The efficacy of identifying a completely unidentified bacterium in a cost-sensitive manner using these test also has yet to be determined. We hypothesized that applying a combination of selective and differential media with biochemical tests would provide a presumptive identification of the first group of six unknown bacteria. We also hypothesized the identification an unknown member of the Enterobacteriaceae family referred to as unknown #53 could be definitively identified using the API 20E and other tests. To test the first hypothesis, samples of four of the six unknown bacteria were streaked onto plates of Mannitol Salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue agar to examine their growth on the media.…
Introduction In this lab report I use two different techniques to identify Unknown A and Unknown B bacteria’s. These techniques are gram staining and metabolic testing. I first used Gram staining to distinguished and identify the bacteria’s. Han Christian discovered gram staining in 1882, he had biopsy a patient lung that had pneumonia.…