First, there is a conflict between first-generation Haitians and their second-generation offspring. Parents prefer to maintain a strong national identity and solidarity with community members. Second-generation children find themselves rejecting their parent’s ideology due to their native-born peers (Portes and Zhou 1993: 81). These Haitian children are exposed to the inner-city youths who have strong reactance towards their discrimination by the white majority. This involves the devaluation of education (Portes and Zhou 1993: 81). For the Haitian child to ignore their belief, this entails the continuation of ostracism and bullying. Chicanos face the same dilemma. These children are familiar with cholos, those who defend themselves from white discrimination by rejecting education because that means they’re acting white (Portes and Zhou 1993: 89). Jamaican immigrants fall prey to downward assimilation in the expected way according to segmented assimilation theory. Their skin color and lack of community makes them vulnerable (Portes and Zhou 1993:
First, there is a conflict between first-generation Haitians and their second-generation offspring. Parents prefer to maintain a strong national identity and solidarity with community members. Second-generation children find themselves rejecting their parent’s ideology due to their native-born peers (Portes and Zhou 1993: 81). These Haitian children are exposed to the inner-city youths who have strong reactance towards their discrimination by the white majority. This involves the devaluation of education (Portes and Zhou 1993: 81). For the Haitian child to ignore their belief, this entails the continuation of ostracism and bullying. Chicanos face the same dilemma. These children are familiar with cholos, those who defend themselves from white discrimination by rejecting education because that means they’re acting white (Portes and Zhou 1993: 89). Jamaican immigrants fall prey to downward assimilation in the expected way according to segmented assimilation theory. Their skin color and lack of community makes them vulnerable (Portes and Zhou 1993: