Reber then conducted another study to see do people learn the artificial grammar from abstract structure or explicit symbols. (1969) He concluded that participants’ ability of learning the grammar did not have a significant impact by changing the symbols. Yet, errors made by participants increased significantly when the syntactic structure was changed; it showed the changing of syntactic structure had a notable effect on participants’ behaviors. After testing participants formulated abstract structure in order to …show more content…
According to Zajonc and Kunst-Wilson, “exposure experience also allows the individuals to learn a great deal about the stimulus objects, so that the ability to recognize, discriminate, and categorize the object generally improves.” (1980) They conducted an experiment to examine the relationship between the process of developing preferences for the repeatedly presented objects and mere exposure effect. In their results, even conscious recognition is absent, participants could still develop preferences of objects. Yet, their study was not able to provide the information regarding the internal states of