Know One Drug Erin Wu I chose losartan. For your molecule: Note the primary indication, and a secondary indication (even if off label) The primary indication is hypertension. It is also used for diabetic neuropathy and hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy.…
• The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called reggae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. Small intestine: • The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.…
OBJECTIVE #1 - The clinical manifestation of, and risk factors for, rhabdomyolysis • Rhabdomyolysis is a condition of skeletal muscle breakdown due to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream, including myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes (DynaMed Plus, 2016). • The patient may experience systemic symptoms that may include fever, malaise, nausea, dyspepsia, emesis, muscle pain, weakness and swelling of injured muscles, tea-colored urine (DynaMed Plus, 2016). • High statin dosage and renal disease combined are associated with an increased risk for developing rhabdomyolysis (Wiley, 2006, p. 357). Other high risk factors include the use of drugs and/or alcohol, high body temperature,…
All of the catalyzation of these molecules takes place in the duodenum and proximal small intestine, simulating the digestive enzymes that would be physiologically…
After oral administration of cyclosporine (as NEORAL), the time to peak blood concentrations is 1.5 to 2 hours. Highand low-fat meals decreases the rate and extent of absorption. Cyclosporine is metabolized in the liver by CYP3A and to a lesser degree by the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Cyclosporin is highly bound to erythrocytes and plasma proteins[1]. Approximately 80%of cyclosporine plasma is bound to lipoproteins.…
Oxybutynin Chemical structure Mode of action and pharmacology Oxybutynin is an antimuscarinic, antispasmodic medicine that is used to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an overactive bladder. An over active bladder is caused by involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle surrounding the bladder causing it to empty unnecessarily. The detrusor muscle helps control normal working functions by relaxing and contracting as the bladder fills and empties. Symptoms include increased frequency and urgency to urinate, incontinence and bedwetting.…
Laxatives are a type of medication that can be prescribed to increase bowel movements and ease the release of human faeces. They are most commonly used to treat and prevent constipation. They are generally administered through food, tablets or injections. Characteristics of laxatives may vary, depending on their required purpose. Some laxatives are very fast acting, to expel faeces quickly.…
It is it then carried to the stomach through the action of peristalsis (a wavelike motion) so the substance doesn’t fall too quickly. In addition the epiglottis flaps over to…
There are a number of drugs that bind to plasma proteins. The weak acids and neutral drugs tend to bind to albumin (the range of drugs binding is the widest) which is one of the most common proteins found in blood plasma. This binding to the plasma proteins can play a significant role in determining drug distribution. This binding also plays a role in drug dynamics in that only the unbound or free drugs interact with the receptors and penetrate the cell membranes. Albumin along with others (i.e. lipoproteins, al-acid-glycoprotein) help with the binding process.…
What is a Drug? This is a chemical substance or medicine that has a physiological effect when ingested or introduced into the body. Types of Drugs: Anti-depressants: Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions.…
Replication, first, came about because RNA was formed. This occurred because organic molecules on Earth were able to form ribonucleotides from the assistance of a clay catalyst. Eventually, these ribonucleotides formed RNA, which, through time, began to fold and replicate itself. As replication got faster, RNA's started to attract amino acids and hold them together. Bonds started forming, and proteins were able to be produced.…
Chewing food starts the beginning stages of digestion. From here it goes into the small intestine. As the food passes through the GI tract it mixes with digestive juices causing large molecules to break down into smaller molecules. The small molecules then absorb through the walls of the small…
74-75) explained that an integral factor in enzymatic digestion is the pH of individual sections of the digestive tract. The highly acidic pH of the stomach’s gastric juice is needed to not only prevent bacterial growth, but to create an optimal environment for it’s enzymes to digest the food (now chyme) received through the cardioesophageal sphincter. The small intestine cannot handle such high pH, therefore when the stomach releases chyme into the small intestines, a signal is sent to the pancreas to release an alkaline substance called “sodium bicarbonate” to neutralize the chime’s acidic pH. Once neutralized, enzyme-rich pancreatic juices (neutral pH) work together with the enzymes of the cells found in the intestinal wall to facilitate digestion of the “three energy nutrients”. Bile (neutral pH) is secreted into the duodenum from the gallbladder (or liver-if someone is without the gallbladder) to emulsify fat for later absorption.…
Drugs are chemicals that affect the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way neurons normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter. Drugs that enter the blood stream have faster and definitely more intense effects. The more directly the drug enters the bloodstream determines how fast and intense the drug will take effect. When the drug is administered directly into the bloodstream it is immediately available to the brain whereas when administered orally it has to be absorbed or “otherwise processed”.…
During my dialysis experience I found it to be very informative and interesting. We were not allowed to touch the patients or help with any care but the staff was interactive and explained was they were doing. The staff also was able to provided scenarios of different complications that happened and how they 'd respond. By the end of the first day I was able to see what the caregiver would due if a patient had muscle cramps, was short of breath and had chest pain. The first day I mostly interacted with the staff and was able to see medical side of the whole procedure such as learning and seeing how to dispose of contaminated equipment and what machines were used.…