Some women experience nausea and vomiting which may be triggered by sight or odor of various food. This usually occurs approximately 4 to 6 weeks of gestation and diminishes by the end of first semester. Physician mostly prescribe medications for patients that require antiemetic medication (e.g., Zofran). However, severe cases of vomiting accompanied by fever, pain or weight loss requires medical intervention. Oral hygiene is very important because the gums become hyperemic and swollen. It might result to bleeding due to increase in estrogen levels. Some women secrete excess saliva caused by eating starch (Lowdermilk, 2014, p. …show more content…
Constipation may also result from the type of food ingested, lack of fluids, iron supplementation, lack of exercise, and abdominal distention by the pregnant uterus, displacement and compression of the intestines. A pregnant woman who is constipated and has hemorrhoids is at risk of bleeding during defecation of stool. Physician prescribe stool softener such as Colace. In addition, foods rich in fiber (about 28g/day), wholegrain, fruits, and vegetables are needed to relieve constipation. Furthermore, adequate fluid intake (at least 50 ml/kg/day) helps to relieve constipation. Regular exercise (walking, swimming, and cycling) helps to stir up bowel motility (Lowdermilk, 2014, p. 187,