Purpose and Background Cells divide in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is used to produce cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell for growth, asexual reproduction, or repair after injury. Cells that are produced by mitosis are diploid, meaning that they have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Meiosis is used to produce haploid cells that have only one set of chromosomes, a mix of chromosomes from both parents. Meiosis produces cells that are genetically unique from their parent cells.…
Interactive Question 7.7 Why is facilitated diffusion considered a form of passive transport? The movement of molecules in passive transport travels with the concentration gradient (areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration). It does not need energy in the form of ATP. Facilitated diffusion moves substances across the phospholipid bilayer using transport proteins.…
The hypothesis tested was that if the incubation temperature of Escherichia coli is lower or higher than 37°C, the amount of bacterial growth will decrease. The results of the plates which experienced growth without contamination supported the hypothesis. The plate incubated at 4°C was contaminated, and therefore the E. coli colonies present on the plate, if any, could not be counted. The plate incubated at 23°C had no growth, which supported the hypothesis that if E. coli was incubated at temperatures higher or lower than 37°C, no growth would be present. The bacterium did not begin to have any uncontaminated growth until the incubation temperature was set to 37°C, which had 71 noticeable E. coli colonies.…
2.8 Gel Electrophoresis Gel Electrophoresis is a method used in the laboratory to separate compounds of DNA or RNA based on molecular size. The nucleic acid molecules are placed in a gel that contains small pores. With the negative charged nucleic acid, it travels towards the positive electrode. During the travel the molecules are separated whilst travelling through the small gel pores. The nucleic acid travels in the gel at the speed that is inversely related with its size.…
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the stereochemistry of the electrophilic addition using (E)-Stilbene, a trans-isomer of ethylene. Bromine was added and reacted with (E)-Stilbene to form an alkene. A product was made with both a meso-stilbene dibromide and a d/l-stilbene dibromide, which is trans-stilbene dibromide. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION For the reaction to form these two different compounds with the same starting reactants, the double bond of (E)-Stilbene has to attack one bromide.…
Hypothesis My hypothesis is if the pills are put in stomach acid, then the gelcaps will dissolve the fastest, because gelcaps are just gelatin capsule that hold the liquid inside. So when the liquid is released it will be absorbed faster than the other pills. I base my hypothesis on Gel Caps or Coated? Pick the Right Pill, page 2 that says, “Soft, flexible gelatin capsules hold liquid-which may be absorbed more quickly than regular pills”.…
Introduction Escherichia coli or more commonly known as E. Coli is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine. There are many different strains of E. Coli, with strains that are created in a laboratory setting that are used as a standard for testing other strains of e.coli.1 These special strains possess an inherent tetracycline resistance from the insertion of a “marker” 2’ upstream or downstream from a targeted gene. These tetracycline marked strains possess the same genome as wild type strains, and thus through conjugation can transfer a tetracycline resistance. The particular strain used in this experiment was the wild-type CV1437 non-pathogenic E.Coli that has an innate resistance to…
A nucleotide is made up of three things. It consists of a nitrogenous base made up of either adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. The nucleotide also contains either the sugar deoxyribose or ribose. Finally, it contains one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides bond together and form a double helix, which was discovered by scientists Francis Crick and James Watson in 1956.…
Separation of plasma proteins by molecular exclusion chromatography Sebastian Prisacariu 140013826 Introduction The components of blood is broken down into 3 parts. This breakdown is consisted of: Plasma which is a yellowish fluid that helps transport blood cells around the body and contains a small supply off proteins, platelets which are blood clotting agent, red blood cells which is a carry for oxygen and remover off carbon dioxide and white cells which is the bodies defence from infection. The plasma makes up about 55% of the overall volume of blood and is mainly made up of water which contains important proteins like albumin which maintains fluid balance (Nall, 2013) and globulin which serves as antibodies and helps with transport (Clinn,…
This slime lab is about how to make slime using water, glue, and borax solution to learn the cross-linking of molecules of glue to the borate ion that formed new bounds to create slimes. In this experiment, the slime, a shear-thickening substance made up by a polymer glue, and a very viscous solution borax. In the earlier observation made, it showed that the combination of glue and water is sticky, and its molecules can easily past one another to make it harder to pour from the bottles. After adding the borax solution, the glue becomes more viscous because the borax is highly viscous. Base on this fact, the hypothesis can be made as, if add more borax solution to the slime, then the slime will become more viscous and firm, as the amount of…
The first well was filled with a protein standard to identify protein separation during gel electrophoresis and to estimating the molecular weight of sample proteins. The gel was run for an hour in at a voltage of 108V, after which the gel was stained using Coomassie Blue dye. Figure 3 represents an image taken after the gel was stained and rinsed in distilled water.…
Gel electrophoresis is a method used for separation and analysis of molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, based on their sizes and polarity. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries most of our genetic information, and possesses a negative charge. During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments can migrate through the gel also known as agarose when placed in a powerful electrical field. The rate at which the DNA fragments will move through the gel depends on their relative size. Horizontal gel slabs are commonly used on conducting gel electrophoresis.…
To determine the unknown’s morphology is the first step in narrowing down possible organisms. A MacConkey and Mannitol Salt Agar tests were conducted on the organism and revealed the following. No growth on the MacConkey plate resulting in a gram positive bacteria and the Mannitol Salt Agar result showed it could be Staphylococcus or Micrococcus. (1) A gram stain test was used in determining the shape, size and arrangement of the unknown bacteria (1). The unknown organism is heat fixed onto the slide, in order for the organism to be stained.…
When finding out unknown bacteria you have to go through several steps to figure out what it could be. I was given unknown bacteria number 28 and asked to run different testing to identify exactly what this bacterium is. I ran 6 test to determine my unknown. These test includes: Gram Stain, SIM, Sucrose, Citrate, MAC, and EMB. Each one of these test are different and they will give a positive or negative feedback which is how we will know which bacterium I have.…
Introduction In this lab report I use two different techniques to identify Unknown A and Unknown B bacteria’s. These techniques are gram staining and metabolic testing. I first used Gram staining to distinguished and identify the bacteria’s. Han Christian discovered gram staining in 1882, he had biopsy a patient lung that had pneumonia.…