Through the years, social stratification of Canada has progressed and altered by cultural changes and social changes in society (Cummings et al. 2017). Gender inequality is a prevalent form of social stratification of Canada that engages oppression and marginalization (Cummings et al. 2017; Rushowy 2018). In the early 1900s, the acknowledgment of women as persons was established by the women’s suffrage movement (Strong-Boag 2016). This movement cultivated a pathway of equity for women since society was patriarchal at the time, but today gender inequality still impacts the lives of women including those of various ethnic backgrounds (Strong Boag 2016; Canadian Press 2018; Cummings …show more content…
2017). More predominantly, the social construction of gender binaries of men and women resonates sexism (Cummings et al. 2017). This gender binary is evident in Popenoe’s ethnography, in which women uphold the image of Azawagh female beauty while men portray the foundational role of society, as they are responsible for political discussion for their tribes and family decisions (Popenoe 2004). In other words, due to the more dominant roles of men in the Azawagh culture, this can cause gender conflict in which inequality is inculcated, especially in terms of divorces that end with only the male’s final decision (Popenoe 2004). For instance, the custom of the “kidnapped bride” displays the gender conflict between men and women (Popenoe 2004). The custom of the “kidnapped bride” is taken place the morning after the wedding when the bride lives in one of her female friends’ houses and the bride must be recaptured by the male friends of the groom which displays gender conflict (Popenoe 2004). Also, these social constructs of men and women demonstrate social constraints that can impede on one’s individuality and cause stigmatization from gender inequality (Cummings et al. 2017; Nazish 2018). Furthermore, these social constructs act as social constraints for oppressed groups, …show more content…
2017). In particular, the application of knowledge from one’s experience of their social location to another aspect of one’s social location (Cummings et al. 2017). For instance, patriarchy has existed for a long time and still exists today, especially on the daily basis, in science and the workplace (Hanson 1996; Rushowy 2018). Additionally, social constructs of men and women have formed inequality, in which these social constructs embody social constraints for women and people of different gender identities (Cummings et al 2017). Especially, these social constructs impose pressure and marginalization of women and people of different gender identities (Cummings et el. 2017; Nazish 2018). Gender discrimination can vary by experience, which is explained by an intersectional analysis on the discrimination toward Indigenous women who experience discrimination due to their gender and racial background (Crenshaw 1989; Canadian Press 2018). Significantly, agents of socialization have greatly shaped society through the widespread transmission of ideas through media, religion, education and the family (Cummings et al 2017; Ravelli and Webber 2016). For instance, the beauty ideals conveyed in the media are reflected in schools that socially construct the hierarchy of popularity based on beauty ideals from the media (Cummings