Implicit self-esteem being the evaluation of the self occurring automatically and outside of consciousness and explicit being an evaluation that entails more conscious and reflective self-evaluation. Specifically however, this study wanted to highlight the importance of the discrepancies between explicit and implicit self-esteem and how they predict higher scores of narcissism. The study examined this by having participants complete various tests. For implicit self-esteem they completed the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-esteem a self-report questionnaire in patients with NPD in comparison to nonclinical and clinical and non-NPD (which was for this study was the Borderline Personality Disorder control group) The findings illustrated that NPD patients scored lower on explicit self-esteem compared to non-clinical controls but those with NPD who had low explicit and high implicit self-esteem had higher narcissism. The significance of this study demonstrations that one aspect of self-esteem is not a clear indicator for narcissism but instead the discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem are the best predictors of NPD. The implications of the findings suggest that patients with NPD demonstrate that improving explicit self-esteem may be a factor in treatment but it is equally important to see the relation to implicit self-esteem as well because they are closely
Implicit self-esteem being the evaluation of the self occurring automatically and outside of consciousness and explicit being an evaluation that entails more conscious and reflective self-evaluation. Specifically however, this study wanted to highlight the importance of the discrepancies between explicit and implicit self-esteem and how they predict higher scores of narcissism. The study examined this by having participants complete various tests. For implicit self-esteem they completed the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-esteem a self-report questionnaire in patients with NPD in comparison to nonclinical and clinical and non-NPD (which was for this study was the Borderline Personality Disorder control group) The findings illustrated that NPD patients scored lower on explicit self-esteem compared to non-clinical controls but those with NPD who had low explicit and high implicit self-esteem had higher narcissism. The significance of this study demonstrations that one aspect of self-esteem is not a clear indicator for narcissism but instead the discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem are the best predictors of NPD. The implications of the findings suggest that patients with NPD demonstrate that improving explicit self-esteem may be a factor in treatment but it is equally important to see the relation to implicit self-esteem as well because they are closely