Although analgesic medications can reduce the consequences of neonatal pain exposure, recent studies found a link between the excessive use of these medications and many short- and long-term side effects. Zwicker et al. \cite{zwicker2016smaller} found that 10-fold increase in Morphine, an agent commonly used for neonatal pain management, is associated with impaired cerebellar growth in the neonatal period and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood period. The long-term side effects of another well-known analgesic medication (i.e., Fentanyl) were discussed in \cite{tam2011preterm}. This study described Fentanyl as an extremely potent analgesic and listed several side effects, such as neuroexcitation, respiratory depression, for using high doses of
Although analgesic medications can reduce the consequences of neonatal pain exposure, recent studies found a link between the excessive use of these medications and many short- and long-term side effects. Zwicker et al. \cite{zwicker2016smaller} found that 10-fold increase in Morphine, an agent commonly used for neonatal pain management, is associated with impaired cerebellar growth in the neonatal period and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood period. The long-term side effects of another well-known analgesic medication (i.e., Fentanyl) were discussed in \cite{tam2011preterm}. This study described Fentanyl as an extremely potent analgesic and listed several side effects, such as neuroexcitation, respiratory depression, for using high doses of