The individual difference factor of political orientation is founded on the differing perspectives of two ideological groups. The continuity of traditional values under the right-wing (conservatism) and individuals striving for reform are identified as the left-wing (liberalism) (Hibbing, Smith & Alford. 2014). Hibbing et al. (2014) extensive review was to provide a process model that identified influences associated with differences within the political spectrum (Maltby, Day & Macaskill 2013). Maltby et al. (2013) explains the basis of individual differences as physiological and psychological characteristics shape these distinctions between individuals. Political orientation is considered an individual difference as Hibbing et al. …show more content…
2014). Environments of heightened negativity when observed by individuals under the right wing, refrain from openness and become highly responsive to threats concerning reform (Rozin & Rozyman 2001, Baumeister et al. 2001). Hibbing et al. (2014) explained this response of attentiveness as negativity bias, as stimuli of harmful information require greater focus. The existence of negativity bias demonstrates those who take greater notice of threats that correlates to political preference (Hibbing et al. …show more content…
(2014) assert that individual variations of political orientation reflect levels of high physiological and psychological responses within settings of political contention. With substantive evidence, Hibbing et al (2014) found that conservatives demonstrate greater preference for stimulus of negativity than liberals. Feldman and Huddy (2014) challenged this proposition as the identification of two-dimensional elements; RWA and SDO served as the underlying basis of political ideology. Maltby et al. (2013) proposed that structural models inquire into individual differences. Consistent with this model, Hibbing et al. (2014) delved into the depths of political ideology as the factor of individual differences. The contrasting responses along the liberal-conservative spectrum underpin these variations, enabling Hibbing et al. (2014) to excavate theories of how individuals differ