Probation can be defined as punishment in the community instead of punishment in the prison, but also with supervision of people who are released from prison with parole. According to David Garland’s theory of the social justice systems development, probation is a response to the development of punishment theory. When punishment theory develops to a tipping point, a social justice system will evaluate and spawn some new branch …show more content…
James' wages supported his wife and children and he was well on his way to a successful re-entry. Because he had great difficulty with writing and arithmetic, he was late in turning in his reports to his probation officer three months in a row. One morning when he was at work, James was thrown over a desk, handcuffed, and dragged off to prison, costing him his job and leaving his family without his paycheck. James had not committed a new crime: he hadn't complied with the paperwork requirements of his parole. The decision to send him back to prison was a waste of taxpayers' money, and a tragedy for James and his family (Walshe, Sadhbh,