Spread within the intravenous drug paraphernalia and also by mother to infant transmission. This can potentially occur throughout the birth process or even breastfeeding. HIV is caused by septicity with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses. In the retroviral family and which are considered lent virus genus. The pathophysiology of HIV creates innumerable cellular immune insufficiencies that are categorized by the weakening of helper T lymphocytes (CD4+ cells). The loss of CD4+ cells results in the maturity of unscrupulous toxicities and neoplastic processes (Bennett, …show more content…
The tests that are taken in determining HIV test for various antibodies to the virus that the body creates in attempt to fight the virus. There are many diagnostic tests for determining HIV and those include; the ELISA test, Home Access Express Test, Viral Load Test and the Western Blot test. The ELISA test scrutinizes the enzymes that are popularly associated with immunosorbent assay, which typically are used in distinguishing the HIV infection. The Home Access Test is an in-home test that is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, which is sold in most pharmacies. The viral load test measures the amount of HIV in the blood in which is used to monitor treatment progress or detect early HIV infections. Lastly, the Western Blot test is a sensitive that is used to confirm a positive ELISA test