Furthermore, in state-based justice systems, retribution is considered as the primary means …show more content…
Moreover, state-based justice systems have been questioned for its assumptions that the government provides the best method of producing conformity and law-abiding behavior. In particular, Hirshi’s (2002) social control theory examines the effect formal institutions have on conformity in individuals and how appropriate behavior is produced by these institutions. Clear et al. (2001) support this theory and argue that formal methods of social control such as the criminal justice system merely control and segregate offenders, who do not have adequate socialization, to institutions where conformity is expected to be produced. They further state that an alternative form of social control such as restorative justice might produce more effective results (Report,