term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
Please sign in to your Google account to access your documents:
What opposition did Alexander II face?
The peoples will:
• The peoples will used propounded of the dead to cause revolution.
• 4 attempts to kill the Tsar prior to successful assassination in 1881.Peasantry:
Peasantry:
• Disturbances of up to 10,000 peasant after emancipation
• Land captains lulled revolts
What opposition did Alexander III face ?
The populists:
• Main populist; Chernyshevsky, Lavrov (Both Marxists)
• 'Going to the people' (1873-74). 4000 uni students into countryside t politically educate peasant eventually land and liberty was formed in 1976 however it all failed as the peasants resented and rejected to students.
Workers:
• 1885 strike at Morozovelye works, over 8000 workers.
• Striking was banned but after Bloody Sunday workers held sympathy strikers
What opposition did Nicholas II face?
The Socialist Revolutionaries (The peoples will) :
• Formed in 1901 led by Chernov.
• 1905 split into radical left and moderate right wing
• Between 1901 and 1905 they were apparently responsible for 2000 political killings
• Biggest threat to the tsarist rule until 1917.
The Social Democrats:
• Based on interpretations of Marxism by Plekhanov
• The workers party
• 1905 split in sub division - Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
• Wanted to improve pay and get shorter working hours.
The Liberals:
• Regarded themselves as Westerners
• Wanted modernisation to be like western Europe
• 1904 Pyotr Struve found the union of Liberation demanding freedoms and justice
• Constitution assembly to be representative, Land distribution for peasant and improved working hours.
Kadets and Octoberist:
• Kadets = constitutional Democrats led by Paul Milyukov
• Kadets were intellectual arm of liberal movement
• Octoberist include Guchkov and Rodzianko
• Octoberists were loyal to the Tsar but wanted change.
Success of opposition:
• Divide between those wanting change and those wanting to overthrow the Tsar completely
• October manifesto seemed good but fundamental laws cancelled the progress out
• Opposition was un - unified
• The Black earth region revolts:
Between 1908-1914 stolypins reforms pacified the peasant leaders.
1916, protested high food prices pressure due to high food demand
1917, attacks on landowners using incendiary.
Black earth revolts showed a better organised and increasingly intellegant peasantry (peasant soviets)
• Bloody Sunday 1905
• 1912, miner strike in Lena goldfields resulted in over 200 deaths at the hands of the army's brutality.
• July 1914, St Petersburg strikes and the army was used to put them down.
• 23rd Feb 1917 - Putilov works in St Petersburg. The railway workers challenged the Bolsheviks authority The railwaymen's union demanded to run the railway network independently from the Bolsheviks
What opposition did Lenin face ?
Green armies: Mainly peasant groups who opposed Bolshevik rule
• Kamenev, Zinoviev and Rykov (Bolsheviks) wanted coalitions with other socialist groups.
• Provisional Government exiled and imprisoned Bolsheviks
• Troika within the Politburo to combat Trotsky and his growing influence
• Peasants began to rebel sue to things such as war communism.
What opposition did the Provisional Government face ?
• The Bolsheviks, who eventually went on to seize power from the Provisional Government by exploiting 'peace bread and land'.
• Peasants - Rural unrest the the government refuse to do anything regarding land reforms
What opposition did Stalin face ?
Kamenev and Zinoviev:
• They turned on stalin as they worried about his plans for foreign policy and peasantry
• Formed the United opposition group along with Trotsky :
• They were excluded from the Politburo
• They opposed the NEP
• They demanded free speech
• In 1927 Trotsky was excluded from Stalin's political group
• Trotsky provoked trouble and was considered responsible for organising the United opposition demonstration in October 1927.
• Trotsky as a result was exiled to Kazakhstan.
Factionalists:
• Began when Bukharin and Kamenev expressed their cones on collectivisation as it resembled aspects of war communism
• Bukharin was removed from his position as president of the comintern in 1929 as well as his role as a member of the Politburo and editor of the Pravada
What opposition did Khrushchev face?
Political:
• 1959, Approximately 11,000 counter revolutionaries in labour camps compared with 5.5 million in 1953
• J.N.Westwood - '[Stalin] spent much of his time in the countryside conferring with party secretaries... and making promises to peasants in the kind of earthy language they could understand,
• 1962, Workers at Novocherhassk protested against food shortages and rising food prices. Authorities killed 20 workers and ringleaders of the protest were executed.
Need help typing ? See our FAQ (opens in new window)
Please sign in to create this set. We'll bring you back here when you are done.
Discard Changes Sign in
Please sign in to add to folders.
Sign in
Don't have an account? Sign Up »
You have created 2 folders. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders!