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1. There is a high chance of demand characteristics, why is this?
Participants are aware that they are in an experiment; they look for cues on how to behave or behave how they think the experimenter wants them to.
All to do with behaviour
1. Why is demand characteristics an issue?
Participant's behaviour will not be natural, they may try to sabotage the experiment.
Reduces the validity, how may participants behave?
1. How might have the naïve participant in Asch (1955) been subject to demand characteristics?
He might have conformed simply because he thought the aim of the study was to get the answers wrong.
Guessed the aims
2. Scientific methods lack ecological validity, why is this?
The high level of control allows this, the artificial environment can never mirror a participant's natural environment.
Control of the environment
2. Why is the lack of ecological validity a disadvantage?
The participant's behaviour will be different in a lab than it is at home, making it difficult to generalise.
Validity of the behaviour in an artificial environment
2. How did Loftus and Palmer's experiment lack ecological validity?
The participants were shown a video of a bank robbery as opposed to witnessing a real one.
3. Why are scientific methods reductionist?
They try to break down complex behaviour into smaller components, in order to aid understanding.
Complex behaviour
3. Why is reductionism a disadvantage?
Behaviour is often over-simplified and when the behaviour is operationalised, some parts may not be measured.
Behaviour is operationalised
3. How did Langer and Rodin (1976) over-simplify behaviour?
Ignored some aspects of control
4. Scientific methods take a nomothetic approach, what does this suggest?
Humans are not unique and individual differences are ignored.
What are ignored?
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