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topographic anatomy
Superficial landmarks of the body - identified to perform an accurate assessment. Applies to a body in anatomic position.
anatomic position
Position of reference - the patient stands facing forward, arm at the side, with the palms of the hands forward. Terms 'right' and 'left' are always referring to the pt's right/left.
anatomic planes
imaginary straight lines dividing the body. 3 main axes: Coronal plane, Transverse (axial) plane, Sagittal (lateral) plane.
these help to identify the location of internal structures and understand the relationships between and among the organs
Coronal plane
slice to make a front and back portion. AKA Frontal
Transverse (axial) plane
slice to make a top and bottom portion.
Sagittal (lateral) plane
slice to make a left and right portion
* a midsagittal plane (midline) is a special type of sagittal plane where the body is cut in half leaving equal left and right halves. ie. nose and navel found on this line.
Directional Terms - definition
indicate distance and direction from the midline. terms used when discussing where an injury is located or how a pain radiates in the body. terms are paired as 'opposites'.
Anterior (Ventral)
Posterior (Dorsal)
Ventral/Anterior: the belly side of the body/The front surface of the body AKA: front
Dorsal/Posterior: the spinal side of the body/The back surface of the patient AKA: Back
Right
Left
The pt's right
The pt's left
Inferior
*Top and Bottom. Also used to describe the rlp of one structure to another.
Superior: Closest to the head AKA: Top, portion nearer to the head from a specific reference point.
Inferior: Closest to the feet AKA: bottom, or part nearer to the feet.
ie. knee is superior to the foot and inferior to the pelvis.
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