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Socrates
Known for his ability to argue and challenge ideas through questions (socratic method)
He believed in absolute truth
First great philosopher
Oracle of Delphi said there was no wiser man than Socrates which he accepted because he realized that he knew nothing and wisdom came from the pursuit of knowledge
Left no writings
Put on trial and found guilty of impiety and corrupting the young
Friends told him to run but wouldn't because it would go against his teachings.
Taught Plato
Plato
Wanted rulers to be philosophers
Wanted the welfare of the polis to be held above one's own welfare
Believed in perfect forms
Believed that truth and justice only existed as ideal forms but could only understand them to a limited amount
Believed that people live in an imperfect world of realities
Established a young men's school called the Academy to educate men on ideas of virtues
Thought government should be ruled in states by philosopher kings
Aristotle
Master of logic.
Used his ideas about logic to argue for a single god.
Talked about human learning (opened a school for young men).
Alexander the great was taught by Aristotle
Divided knowledge into categories: ethics, natural history, and metaphysics
Studied government
Believed the ideal state was a small polis with a mixed constitution and a powerful middle class to prevent extremes
Believed in the golden mean (not on either side of the spectrum to the extremes)
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