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What are the components of a fitness assessment?
Subjective Information: General and medical history, occupation, lifestyle, medical and personal information
- not intended to replace
- Pre-participation health screening (medical history questionnaire, review of chronic disease risk factors, signs and symptoms of disease, decide to proceed or refer for medical evaluation)
Objective Information: Psysiologic assessments, body composition testing, cardiorespiratory assessments, static and dynamic postural assessments, and performance assessments
- provide a baseline level for comparison later/track progress.
What is the physical activity readiness questionnaire? (PAR-Q)
- qualifies a person for low, moderate, to high activity level
- a questionnaire designed to determine the safety or possible risk of exercising for a client based on the answers to specific health history questions.
- primarily aimed at identifying individual who rquire futher medical evaluation before being allowe dto exercise b/c they are high ristk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- a client that answers "yes" to one or more quesitions should be refered to a physician
What are 2 important areas for a trainer to concentrate on when considering a client's general health history?
- occupation
- general lifestyle traits (extended periods of sitting, repetitive movements, recreational activities, hobbies)
why is it important to know if a client sits for long periods of time?
- hips are flexed for prolonged periods of time, which in turn can lead to tight hip flexors (rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas) and postural imbalances w/in the HMS.
- have a tendancy for shoulders and head to fatigue under the constant effect of gravity which can lead to rounding of the shoulders and a forward head.
- indicative of low energy expediture and potentially poor cardio -respiratory conditioning
Why is it important to know if a client performs repetitive movments?
- a persistent motion that can cause musculoskeletal injury and dysfuntion
- can create a pattern overload to muscles and joints which can lead to trauma and eventual kinetic chain dysfunction.
Why is it important to know if a client wears dress shoes often?
- high heels put the ankle complex in a plantarflexed postion for extended periods which can lead to tightness in the gastocnemium, soleus, and achilles tendon, causing postural imbalance such as decreased dorsiflexion and overpronation at the foot and ankle complex.- resulting in the flattening of the arch of the foot.
Why is it important to know if a client experiences a lot of mental stress?
- can cause elevated resting heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation at rest and exercise
- can lead to abnormal breathing patterns that can cause postural or musculoskeletal imbalances in the neck, shoulder, chest, and low back muscles- which collectively lead to postural distortion and HMS dysfunction.
Why is it important to know about past injuries?
-illuminates possible dysfunctions
-ankle sprains have been shown to decrease neural control to the gluteus medius and gluteus maximums muscles. Can lead to poor control of the lower extremities durinig many functional activities
- Knee injuries can cause a decrease in neural control to muscles that stabilize the patella and lead to further injury. Non contact injuries could be due to ankle or hip dysfunction
-surgeries cause dysfunction
- low back pain: can cause decreased neural control to stabilizing muscles of the core, resulting in poor stabilization of the spine. Can lead to further dysfunction in the upper/lower extremities
- shoulder: can cause altered neural control of the rotator cuff muscles which can lead to instability of the shoulder joint during funtional activities.
What are some aspects of medical history that a trainer should consider?
- Past injuries, past surgeries, chronic conditions (heart disease, Type II/II Diabetes), medications
- 75% of Americans do not participate in at least 30 mins of low to moderate activity.
- some exercises may be contraindicated to certain chronic diseases
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