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Triglycerides, diet and Health
Why does E/Z isomerisation occur?
Due to the restricted rotation around the double bond.
What is cis-trans isomerism?
A special type of E/Z isomerism where each carbon of the C=C bond carries one atom or group that is the same.
Ie. H H
\ /
c=c
/ \
R R
Draw E/Z and Cis/Trans
Z/Cis = Ze zame zide, Same side
E/Trans = Enemies, different sides
In nature, what form do unsaturated fatty acids usually exist in?
The cis form.
How does the cis form affect the melting point of unsaturated fatty acids?
In cis form, the fatty acids cannot pack closley together, so they exist at liquids at room temperature.
In trans form they can pack closely: it has a linear sructure. Therefore, it has a higher m.t.p.
Why are double bonds removed in the food industry?
To make the fats and oils more solid.
How are double bonds removed in the food industry?
By partial hydrogenation.
What are the side effects of removing double bonds?
The remaining double bonds may structurally be changed, so are in the more unhealthy trans form.
What are lipoproteins?
Particles that carry lipids, such as cholesterols and fats, through the blood.
What are LDLs?
Low-density Lipoproteins
Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tisses. They can deposit lipids onto artery walls, building up fatty acid deposits that restrict blood flow
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