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33 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What are the three major STDs and their causative agents?
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1. Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3. Syphilis - Treponema pallidum |
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Which two of the three STDs are asymptomatic in women, usually?
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1. Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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What two STDs have a very high rate of coinfection?
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1. Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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What type of transfer is necessary for transfer of all three STDs?
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direct person to person contact which includes neonate transmission
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What is the most common bacterial STD in the US?
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chlamydia serotype D-K
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How does chlamydia present in women?
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cervicitis or urethritis with a yellow mucopurulent discharge from the vagina or rectum. dysuria, vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain
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What does chlamydia present in men?
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yellow mucopurulent discharge from urethra or rectum and dysuria
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How does chlamydia present in neonates?
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conjunctivitis, pneumonia
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What is a common male and female complication with chlamydia trachomatis infections?
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conjunctivitis
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What are the lab dx methods of detecting chlamydia trachomatis?
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1. PCR
2. culture (used for legal reasons) 3. Giemsa staining for neonate conjuntivitis samples MUST contain epithelial cells because the live pathogen is contained IN those cells. recall the EB/RB life cycle of chlamydia |
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What should you do in addition to treating chlamydia when you treat chlamydia?
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treat gonorrhea. they so commonly coinfect that you should go ahead and treat.
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What is Lymphogranuloma Venereum?
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disease not common in US caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2, L3 that occurs in 3 stages and is charcterized by lymphatic spread of bacteria
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What are the three stages of Lymphogranuloma Venereum?
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1: painless genital papule
2: inguinal lymphadenopathy, buboe rupture, fever, chills, malaise, systemic 3: proctitis rectal pain, bloody purulent discharge |
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What is the different presentation of Lymphogranuloma Venereum in men and women?
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men in stage 2 usually form buboes
women do not form buboes |
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How is Lymphogranuloma Venereum dx?
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clinical findings. culture is insensitive. PCR for confirmation
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What about Neisseria gonorrhoeae makes it an effective infector?
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hundreds of different types of pili used for attachment. these are what the body makes Ab against, too!
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How does gonorrhea present in men?
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urethritis, purulent discharge, dysuria and can become complicated and cause epididymitis
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What is unique about neisseria gonorrhoeae structure?
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there is technically not an LPS, it is an LOS which is a version of LPS. LOS stimulates inflammation and release of TNF-alpha which causes the purulent discharge characteristic of gonorrhea
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How does gonorrhea present in women?
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cervisitis, purulent discharge, dysuria, vaginal discharge and can cause pelvic inflammatory disease or Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome if untreated
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Where will gonorrhea present in neonates?
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conjuntivitis
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How does disseminated gooccocal infections present?
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fever, migratory arthralia, purulent arthritis of distal joints, rash on extremeties
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How is gonorrhea dx?
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men: gram stain for purulent discharge cases. culture or PCR for all other cases
women: culture or PCR |
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If you treat for gonorrhea, what else should you think to treat for?
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chlamydia
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What are the three stages of Treponema pallidum syphilis?
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1. local chancre HIGHLY infectious with spontaneous healing
2. systemic mucocutaneous rash, sore throat, headache, fever, anorexia, lymphadenopathy 3. can be latent for 3 - 30 years chronic inflammation, gummas, CV syphilis, neurosyphilis |
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What can congenital syphilis result in?
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death or abnormalities
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How is Treponema pallidum syphilis dx in the lab?
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1. fluorescent antibodies
2. nontreponemal tests that detects lipids in the body per Ab detection of abnormal components that don't exist unless treponema lyses cells. 3. treponemal Ab detection |
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What is chancroid?
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STD caused by Haemophilus ducreyi characterized by painful ulcers and buboes
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How is chancroid dx?
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Gram stain
clinical presentation |
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What is SIRS?
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systemic inflammatory response symptoms caused by septicemia or other non-bacterial related causes characterized by 2 or more criteria
1. Fever of >38EC or <36EC 2. Heart rate >90 beats/min 3. Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min or a PaCO <32 mm Hg 4. WBC of >12,000/mm or <4000/mm or >10% bands 3 3 |
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What is the primary clinical presentation of pediatric occult bacteremia?
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spike in fever
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What is the resolution for pediatric occult bacteremia?
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can spontaneously resolve OR lead to speticemia
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Where is the origin of infection for pediatric occult bacteremia for neonates, infants and older children?
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1. childbirth, most commonly Group B Strep
2. infants, older children - nasopharynx infections |
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What are the most common causative agents for neonates, 1-2 m/o, and 3-36 mos?
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neonate: Group B Strep
1-2 mos: E. coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Strep pneumoniae 3-36 mos: Strep. pneumonia |
