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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_________ has a greater effect in reduction of disability than any medical or surgical intervention once a stroke has occurred. ╬
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Prevention of risk factors for stroke.
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Describe a patient centered perspective/definition of a stroke.
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Patient writes you a note stating, "I can't talk because of this thing that happened to me."
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Physician centered definition of a stroke.
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A sudden brain dysfunction due to a blood vessel abnormality resulting in a lack of blood flow to a part of the brain.
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Define TIA
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Temporary low blood flow to a focal area of the brain with permanent damage lasting less than one hour.
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The target blood pressure in a patient who has had a cerebral or cardiac ischemic event. ╬
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<130/80. Note - during a stroke we often want to tolerate a higher blood pressure as it may be needed to perfuse the brain. This recommendation is for the time after the events.
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For patients who have had a stroke or MI the LDL target is? ╬
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< 100mgDl
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In a patient with Diabetes Mellitus, each 1% reduction in A1C is associated with what percent decrease risk of stroke? ╬
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12%
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Does Vitamine E (400IU to 800IU) or increasing dietary potassium decrease the risk of stroke? ╬
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Yes
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How much alcohol is reported to decrease blood pressure, raise HDLs, and decrease stroke risk? ╬
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2 ounces/day for men, and, for women, 1 ounce/day. (Note - binge drinking is as harmful as chronic excessive use.)
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Exercise at least 20 minutes, three times a week is suggested to do what to: blood pressure, HDL, stroke risk. ╬
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Decrease, increase, decrease.
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How is atherosclerosis associated with stroke?
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There may be build up of thrombus which cuts blood supply or there may be a plaque which breaks off from an atherosclerotic blood vessel and becomes an embolus (a travelling particle which blocks something down stream). (Most commonly in the carotid arteries, or from intracranial arteries.
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What percent of people who have had a TIA will have a recurrent event (TIA or stoke.)? ╬
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25%
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Which cardiac arrythmias is the one that we see most often in the US as a being tied to a cardiac embolism.
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Atrial fibrillation.
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Intra-cerebral hemorrhage is most often secondary to what?
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Hypertension. (Other factors can cause this but are not as common. Truama, anticiogulant therapy, neoplasia, coagulation disorders (hemophilia, abnormalities of platelet function or number.)
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List 6 out of hand (once they have happened - you can't go back) risks for stroke. ╬
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History of: TIA, arrythmia, Connective Tissue Disease, neoplasm, bleeding disorder, other cardiac diseases.
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Anterior cerebral artery occlusion results in what dysfunction. (Not testable by me.)
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Opposite leg weakness. (This artery extends upward and forward from the internal carotid artery supplying the frontal lobes, the parts of the brain that control logical thought, personality, and voluntary movement, especially the legs.)
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Middle cerebral artery occlusion results in what dysfunction. (Not testable by me.)
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Contra lateral weakness of face (lower half), extremity (arm > leg). Sensory loss of face. Aphasia (receptive and expressive) in dominant hemisphere.) This is is the most commonly occluded artery in stroke.
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The time limit for use of t-PA in stroke is? ╬
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3 hours.
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List three common causes of stroke. ╬
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Atherosclerosis, Cardiac embolism, Intra-cerebral hemorrhage
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Posterior cerebral artery results in what dysfunction? (Not testable by me.)
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Contra lateral visual field loss.
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