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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Elements of CBC
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Erythrocyctes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes
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RBC value
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4-6 mill/cu mm
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WBC value
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5,000-10,000/cu mm
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Hb
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12-16 (15) gm/dl
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Hct
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40-50%
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Leukocytosis causes
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Bacterial infection (most common)
Stress Trauma |
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Degree of leukocytosis depends on
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Severity of problem
Condition of PT's immune system |
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Leukopenia causes
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Viral infection
Immune system overwhelmed Depressed due to cancer therapies, bone marrow disease, etc. |
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Leukocytosis is most often due to
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elevation of only one type of WBC
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Most common WBC's
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Neutrophils (40-75%)
Lymphocytes (20-45%) |
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Tx severe anemia
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Blood transfusion
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Causes of anemia
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Blood loss or reduced production by bone marrow
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Occurs when bone marrow is stimulated to make more RBCs
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Secondary polycythemia
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Pt's with inadequate Hb will have RBC's that look
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smaller than normal (microcytic)
lack normal color (hypochromic) |
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Normal range sodium
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137-147 mEq/L
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Hyponatremia causes
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Diuretics, Kidney problems, diarrhea
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Hypernatremia causes
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Excessive water loss, renal disease
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Hyponatremia effects
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Confusion, decreased alertness, muscle twitching, seizures
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Normal range potassium
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3.5-4.8 mEq/L
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Hypokalemia effects
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Decreased cardiac output
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Hypokalemia causes
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Vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics
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Hyperkalemia causes
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Tissue trauma, renal disease
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Hyperkalemia effects
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tired, weak, nausea
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Hyper/Hypokalemia can cause...
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a weakened diaphragm and therefore adversely effect weaning
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Normal level Chloride
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98-105 mEq/L
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Sweat chloride normal
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60-80 mEq/L
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Sweat chloride >80 mEq/L probably...
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CF
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Anion gap calculation
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Na+ - (HCO3- + Cl- )
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Anion gap value
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8-16
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Anion gap > 16
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Metabolic acidosis
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Renal Fx is determined by measuring
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine levels |
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Normal BUN
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<20 mg/dL (may increase for reasons other than kidney failure)
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Normal creatinine
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0.7-1.3 mg/dl (increases primarily due to kidney failure)
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Normal glucose
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70-110 mg/dl
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