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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the path of pancreatic enzymes starting at the acini:
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Acini to intercalated duct to intralobular duct to interlobular duct to pancreatic duct to duodenum
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The endocrine pancreas consists of:
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The Islets of Langerhans
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What hormones induce the secretion of pancreatic juices?
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Secretin and Cholecystokinin
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To prevent autodigestion, what does the acini cells produce?
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They secrete proteolytic inhibitors
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What type of cells bridge the gap between the ducts and acinar cells?
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Centroacinar Cells
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What are the centroacinar cells responsible for doing? What is there morphology?
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They are low squamous epithelia cells that are responsible for secretion of alkaline fluid component of pancreatic juice in response to secretin.
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Why is it necessary for the centroacinar cells to produce alkaline fluid?
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So that the zymogen granules released from acinar cells can be solubilized. It also helps to neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the duodenum.
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The nucleus of acinar cells are located:
How/where are the zymogen granules released? |
Basally. Zymogen granules are released into the lumen by exocytosis at the apical surface of the acinar cell.
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What is the first enzyme to initiate the activation cascade for pancreatic enzymes? What produces it and where does this reaction take place? What reaction does it mediate?
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Enterokinase - secreted by brush border epithelial cells. It mediates the conversion of inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin.
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Once trypsinogen is converted trypsin, what does it degrade?
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It cleaves other proenzymes thereby activating them also.
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What is Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis?
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It is a widespread destruction of pancreatic tissue caused by escape of activated pancreatic enzymes.
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What is chronic pancreatitis?
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Progressive destruction of the pancreas due to repeated occurrences of mild types of acute pancreatitis
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What percentage of clustered Langerhans cells makes up the total pancreas?
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1-2%
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Where is there a higher concentration of Langerhans cells?
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The tail
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What two hormones do Langerhans cells secrete?
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Insulin and Glucagon
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What three peripheral tissues does insuline act on?
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Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
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What four biochemical activities does insulin induce?
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1. Uptake of glucose
2. Phosphorylation of glucose 3. Utilization of glucose by all cells 4. Synthesis of glycogen from glucose by hepatocytes. |
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What are the four subsets of endocrine cells within the Islets of Langerhands? What do they secrete and what are their relative percentages?
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1. Alpha glucagon (15-20%, periphery)
2. Beta insulin (70%, centralized) 3. Delta somatostatin (5%, periphery) 4. PP pancreatic polypeptide (1%) |
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Outline the steps resulting in insulin release:
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1. Elevated blood glucose
2. Entry into b-cells via GLUT2 3. Glucose utilized through glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial ox phos to yield ATP 4. ATP closes ATP-sensitive transmembrane K channels 5. This activates voltage gated Ca channels and increases cytosolic Ca levels 6. Increased Ca levels trigger fusion of pre-stored insulin vessels |
