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Cannae |
(2nd Punic War)
216 - Hannibal seizes Cannae
Romans attack and lose terribly = lose 50,000 soldiers
*Rome's Darkest Hour* |
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Masinissa |
(3rd Punic War)
King of Numidia - allied to Rome
because Carthage could not declare war w/o Rome's consent according to their peace treaty, Masinissa raided Carthage
=Carthage builds up army to defend themselves |
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Cato the Elder |
(3rd Punic War)
ended every speech the same way:
"By the way, Carthage must be destroyed."
=Rome puts together an army having seen that Carthage has built up their army |
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Scipio Aemilianus |
(3rd Punic War)
commander of new Roman army
having taken seige for 3 years, takes Carthage (everything and everyone in it) and then burns the city to the ground |
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Pyrrhus |
(Pyrrhic Wars)
viewed himself as successor to Alexander the Great
-saw Rome as a way to reach Alexander's destiny = conquer it
-loses |
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Sicily |
(1st Punic War)
what Rome and Carthage are fighting for
-has no alliances |
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corvus |
(1st Punic War)
naval design that gave Romans advantage over Carthage
-means raven
-bridge w/ hook that can be dropped on ship laterally
=1 on 1 combat |
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Regulus |
(1st Punic War)
captured by Carthage (Xanthipus)
-returns to Rome as Carthaginian to negotiate peace w/ Rome
-tells Senate to not listen to Carthage
=ROMAN HERO
-returns to Carthage and is executed |
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Hamilcar Barca |
(1st Punic War)
Carthaginian general
-Rome realizes his strength and builds 200 more ships
=Rome defeats him and ends 1st Punic War |
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Saguntum |
(2nd Punic War)
city allied w/ Rome
-attacked by Carthage
-as a result, Rome must fight Carthage to keep its reputation |
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Hispania |
(2nd Punic War)
main area of contest between Rome and Carthage |
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Lake Trasimene |
(2nd Punic War)
Roman consul Flamminius hears that Hannibal is burning everything in his path = attacks
-Carthaginians acts as though retreating into mountains
-surround Romans (trick) = huge defeat |
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Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator |
(2nd Punic War)
appointed dictator after loss at Lake Trasimene
-strategy is not to fight, but to chase Hannibal around Italy
=earns the nickname Cunctator, or Delayer, for this strategy
-allowed Rome to stall and take time to regain strength |
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Hanno |
(2nd Punic War)
old enemy of Hannibal's father
-led dissent against giving Hannibal more supplies
-ultimately leads to the defeat of Carthage
= when Rome cuts of supply line to Hannibal, he is nearly out of supplies |
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Zama |
(2nd Punic War)
city SW of Carthage
Hannibal and Scipio meet to try and avoid conflicts, but Hannibal does not agree to Scipio's terms
*Rome wins at Zama
-the only Roman victory
-Hannibal won all others |
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Ebro |
(2nd Punic War)
river that was boundary between Carthaginian Spain and Roman Spain
(Saguntum was in Carthaginian territory but was Roman ally) |
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Hamilcar Barca |
(1st and 2nd Punic Wars)
Carthaginian general
=loses final battle of 1st Punic War to Rome
-his death led to the rise of Hannibal in the 2nd Punic War |
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Hannibal |
(2nd Punic War)
Carthaginian general
attacked Italy - most difficult way to attack is the least expected
-wins every battle but the last |
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Hastrubal |
(2nd Punic War)
Hannibal left him in charge of Spain when he went to attack Italy
-brother of Hannibal |
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Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus |
(2nd Punic War)
takes charge of Rome's army
-beats Hastrubal and claims victory in Spain
-first attacks Carthage itself
-defeats Hannibal at Zama |
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Tarentum |
(Pyrrhic War)
colony in Magna Graecia |
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Tyre/Phoenicia |
(1st Punic War)
Carthage was a colony founded by the Phoenician capital city of Tyre |
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What happened to Hannibal after Zama? |
he escapes after Zama, but is allowed to return to Carthage to help rebuild the city
-Rome demanded he come to Rome as a hostage
-Hannibal escapes and Rome chases him
-eventually poisons himself |
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Publius Clodius Pulcher |
(1st Punic War)
went to fight Battle of Depranum
-brought chickens
-worst Roman naval defeat of the war |
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Magna Graecia |
(Pyrrhic Wars)
Greek city-states developed colonies
-came into conflict w/ Rome |
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Epirus |
(Pyrrhic Wars)
-Pyrrhus was the king of Epirus
-Greece |
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