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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 transport process
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passive - active
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in passive process substances move in & out the plasma membrane w/o use of ____ ____ (ATP)
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cellular enzymes (ATP)
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passive process example (4)
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diffusion - osmosis - facilitated diffusion - filtration
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in active process substances move in/out the plasma membrane using
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atp
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active process example (2)
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active transport - bulk/vesicular transport
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in passive process what is the tendency of molecules to move from area of greater concentration to area of lower concentration
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diffusion
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what is the greater the diff in concentration between 2 areas the faster the diffusion
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concentration gradient
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rate of diffusion can also be affected by (2)
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temperature - size of molecule
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simple diffusion is when a ____ or ____ ____ particles pass through the plasma membrane
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small - lipid soluble
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dialysis process is diffusion of ____ through a ____ ____
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solutes - semipermeable membrane
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dialysis occurs in the
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kidneys
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osmosis is diffusion of ____ across a ____ ____
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liquids - semipermeable membrane
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in osmosis, diffusion depends on ____ ____ on both sides
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solute concentration
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in osmosis water moves from areas that are____ in concentration to ____ areas of concentration
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higher - lower
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osmolarity is the total concentration of all ____ ____ in a ____ (osmols/liter)
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solute particles - solution
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what is dynamic equilibrium?
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concentration of all molecules is even - movement occurs randomly
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osmotic pressure is pressure within the cell that
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resists the movement of water into the cell
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hydrostatic pressure is pressure caused by ____ in a ____ system and is needed for ____
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fluid - closed - filtration
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tonicity is the ability of a solution to change
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shape of cell
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isotonic
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equal concentration of water and solutes in/out the cell
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hypertonic
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more solutes - less water outside cell - shrink
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hypotonic
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less solutes - more water outside of cell - rupture (lysis)
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facilitated diffusion of molecules such as glucose move through membrane by ____ with a ____ protein in plasma membrane
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combining - carrier
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In facilitated diffusion each molecule type has a ____ carrier protein
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specific
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Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by
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fluid or hydrostatic pressure
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filtration takes place in the ____ & ____
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kidneys - capillaries
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in filtration molecules are limited to
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size
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in active transport, ____ proteins combine with a ____ ____ to be transported
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carrier - specific substance
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active processes (ATP) are substances that move in the ____ direction of normal diffusion
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substances that move the opposite direction of normal diffusion
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bulk transport is movement of ____ ____ & ____ across plasma membrane
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large particles - macromolecules
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bulk transport is driven by energy from ____.
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ATP
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2 major kinds of bulk transport
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exocytosis - endocytosis
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exocytosis move substance from cell ____ to ____ space
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interior - extracellular
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in exocytosis, substance is first enclosed in
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membrane sac
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in exocytosis, ____ migrate to plasma membrane to ____ and ____ to release contents
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vesicles - fuse - rupture
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endocytosis
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takes in
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2 types of endocytosis
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pinocytosis - phagocytosis
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pinocytosis has to do with
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fluid
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phagocytosis has to do with
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solid
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