- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
dichotomous traits
|
traits that occur in one form or the other, not normally in combination
|
|
true-breeding lines
|
breeding lines in which interbred members always produce offspring with the same trait (e.g. brown seeds), generation after generation
|
|
dominant trait
|
the trait that that will appear in all the first-generation offspring (of 2 different true-bred)
|
|
recessive trait
|
the trait that will occur in about one-quarter of the second-generation offspring (of 2 different true-bred)
|
|
phenotype
|
an organisms observable traits
|
|
genotype
|
the traits that an organism passes on to its offspring through its genetic material
|
|
gene
|
each inherited factor is called a gene
|
|
alleles
|
the two genes that control the same trait
|
|
homozygous
|
two identical genes for a trait
|
|
heterozygous
|
two different genes for a trait
|
|
chromosomes
|
threadlike structures in the nucleus of each cell, where genes are located!!!
|
|
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
|
23 pairs of chromosomes
|
|
do all species have the same number of pairs of chromosomes?
|
no, each species has its characteristic number of pairs of chromosomes
|
|
gametes
|
egg cells and sperm cells
|
|
meiosis
|
the process of cell division that produces gametes.
The chromosomes divide, and one chromosome of each pair goes to each of the two gametes that result from the division (that is why each gamete has only half the usual amount of chromosomes) |
|
how many chromosomes do gametes have?
|
23 (half the amount of normal cells)
|
|
zygote
|
a fertilized egg cell
|
|
mitosis
|
Mitotic is a cell division (just prior to the cell division, the number of chromosomes doubles so that when the division occurs, both daughter cells end up with a full complement of chromosomes
|
|
how does DNA replication happen?
|
As the two strands of the original DNA molecule unwind, the nucleotide bases on each strand attract loose complementary bases. Once the unwinding is complete, two DNA molecules, each identical to the first, will have been created
|
|
structural genes
|
genes that contain the information necessary for the synthesis of a single protein
|
|
proteins
|
long chains of amino acids that control the physiological activities of cells and are important components of cellular structure
|
|
operator genes
|
THE GENES THAT CONTROL GENE EXPRESSION
|
|
why is the control of gene expression by operator genes an important process? what does it determine?
|
The control of gene expression by operator genes is an important process because it determines how a cell will develop and how it will function once it reaches maturity
|
|
DNA-binding proteins
|
the proteins that turn an operator gene on or off
|
|
operator genes that are normally off are regulated by operator genes that
|
Some operator genes are normally off and . . .
they are regulated by DNA-binding proteins that turn them on |
|
operator genes that are normally on are regulated by
|
DNA-binding proteins that turn the operator genes up, down, or off
|
