14 - The Autonomic Nervous System Flash Cards

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Title: 14 - The Autonomic Nervous System
Description: Bio 121 - Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
Number of Cards: 34
Save Count: 1
Author: flowermeblue9
Created: 2009-02-11
Tags: acetylcholine autonomic neurotransmitter system
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • The ganglion of the sympathetic division.
    • These have short preganglionic axons which secrete ACh. They have long postganglionic axons which secrete Norepinephrine, unless it is in the eccrine sweat glands or blood vessels, then is secretes Ach. Also, if it synapses with the adrenal medulla, then the postganglionic axon releases noreprinephrine and epinephrine.
    • The ganglion of the parasympathetic division.
    • These have long preganglionic axons and short post ganglionic axons. They all give Ach.
    • Referred pain.
    • Visceral and somatic paths are the same, so sometimes visceral pain is referred to as somatic in origin.
    • Beta 1 location.
    • Heart, but also kidneys and adipose tissue.
    • Beta 1 effect.
    • Causes increased heaart rate and strength, stimulates renin release from kidneys.
    • Beta 2 location.
    • Found in lungs, sympathetic organs, abundant on blood vessels to heart, liver, skeletal muscle.
    • Beta 2 function.
    • Inhibitory, dialates blood vessels and bronchioles, relaxes smooth muscle walls of digestive organs and urinary visceral organs, relaxes uterus.
    • Alpha 1 location.,
    • Blood vessels to skin, mucosa, versceral organs, kidneys, salivary glands, sympathetic target organs, BUT heart.
    • Beta 3 effect.
    • induces lypolysis of fat cells.
    • Beta 3 location.
    • Adipose tissue
    • Alpha 1 effect.
    • contricts blood vessels, and sphincters, dialates pupils.
    • Alpha 2 location.
    • presynaptic of adregenic terminals, pancreas, blood vessels.
    • Alpha 2 effect.
    • inhibits NE release from terminals, inhibits insulin, promotes blood clotting.
    • Agonist.
    • A ligand that bind to a Adrenergic.receptor and activates it.
    • Antagonist.
    • A ligand that binds to a receptor and inhibits its activity.
    • Andrenergic.
    • NE and Epi get the name from the european system, noradrenaline.
    • Many OTS meds for colds and allergies work by.,..
    • These mimic the SNS by activation of the alpha receptors. They contain sympathomimetics.
    • Hypertension.
    • High blood pressure that may result from an over active SNS. A serious disease that effects many people.
    • Treatment of hypertension.
    • Adrenergic blocking drugs.
    • Raynaud's disease.
    • Characterized by intermittant attacks that cause the skin and fingers and toes to become pale, then cyanotic and painful.
    • Cause of raynaud's disease.
    • Triggered by exposure to cold or emotional stress, it is an exaggerated vasoconstriction response.
    • Treatment of Raynauds disease.
    • Treated with vasodialaters, adrenergic blockers, or surgical intervention to cut nerves.
    • autonomic dysreflexia.
    • Life threatening disease in which the autonomic neurons are uncontrollably activated.
    • Autonomic dysreflexia is common in...
    • This is common in quadriplegic vistims with injurys above T6.
    • Treatment of Autonomic dysreflexia.
    • Controlling BP is the treatment because it usually skyrockets and leads to stroke.
    • Sympatholytic agents.
    • Adrenergic receptos, decreases sympathetic activity by blocking adrenergic receptors or inhibiting NE release.
    • Sympathomimatic agents.
    • Adrenergic receptors, increase sympathetic response by binding to the receptors or increasing NE release.
    • Sympathomimetic agent example.
    • Albuterol (beta2) and nasal decongestants (alpha1)
    • Sympatholytic agent examples.
    • propranolol (hypertension treatment, beta blockers that decrease haert rates and BP)
    • Nicotinic agents.
    • Stimulation of sympathetic effects, irregular heart rate and higher bp. Nicotinic Ach receptors.
    • Nicotinic example.
    • Nicotine.
    • Parasympathomimetic agents.
    • muscarinic receptors, mimics ACh, anhances PNS effects.
    • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
    • prolongs effect of ACh , indirectly effects ach receptors
    • Parasympathomimetic example.
    • Pilocarpine (glaucoma to open ducts) and bethanechol (helps difficulty urinating)