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why end of modernism?
modernism -> isolation

regarded as elitism

offshoots: postmodernism, minimalism
Minimalism: features
repetitive patterns that transform

melody -> recurring motives/cells

harmony -> tonal/triadic, few modulations

regular pulse

improvisatory

subtle shifts become interesting
Things that influenced Minimalist music
chance music

ethnic music of Bali, India, West Africa

electronic music

medieval organ (Perotin)
key figures in Minimalism
Riley

Reich

Glass
Father of minimalism
Terry Riley
Terry Riley
lives/works in California

championed new music

electronic keyboards/recorded tape

taught North India raga @ Mills
Terry Riley: In C
53 motives on 1 page

repeat as desired

constant polyrhythms but held together by 8th note pulse

unprescribed tempo

unprescribed instruments

once "F" introduced, slow tonal fluctuations
Phillip Glass
math/philosophy @ U Chicago

studied with Milhaud, BOULANGER

influenced by: Indian Classical tradition, electronic music
Phillip Glass Ensemble
keyboard, winds, voices

recent works more 'Classical' (return to older forms with modern elements)

mainstream via recordings, film scores
Post Minimalism
steady pulse remains BUT

more variations, DEVELOPMENT, CLIMAX

influenced by ROCK, JAZZ, FOLK
Post Minimalism: Bear McCreary
studied composition @ USC

wrote for film, TV, video games

Western orchestra with E/SE ASIAN instruments
Bear McCreary: Passacaglia from Battlestar Galatica
string ensemble (x22)

rare orchestra sound because most of the score is percussive, ethnic music, spiritual singing

repetitive pulsing chords

melody shift from lower instruments to higher instruments

passacaglia = basso ostinato in triple meter