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276 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe 5 things about prokaryotes
|
1. do not contain membrane bound nucleus
2. contain single circular chromosome 3. do not contain membrane bound organelles 4.have distinctive cell wall (different from plants) 5. divide by binary fusion |
|
Describe 5 things about eukaryotes
|
1. have membrane bound nucleus
2. have several linear chromosomes 3. have membrane bound organelles 4. do not have distinctive cell wall 5. reproduce through mitosis or meiosis |
|
morphology
|
shape
|
|
bacterial morphology - name 3 basic types
|
1. bacillus - rod
2. Cocci - spherical 3. spirilla - springs (lyme disease, shypallis) |
|
describe mouth plaque and what we did in lab to see
|
we used crystal violet to see bacteria (looked like clusters of tiny grapes) among human cells (look like fried eggs)
normal to see cocci and bacillus - we only saw cocci, not ok to see spirillum (usually pathagenic) |
|
gram staining - what used for
|
1. usually first step in identifiction
2. separates bacteria based on cell wall composition |
|
bacterial cells contain a
|
complex polymer... peptidoglycan
|
|
gram negative bacteria - name 5 characteristics
|
1. more complex cell wall
2. thin peptidoglycan cell wall layer 3. outer lipopolysaccharide wall layer 4. retain safranin 5 appear pink/red |
|
gram positive bacteria - name 5 characteristics
|
1. simple cell wall
2. thick peptidoglycan cell wall layer 3. no outer lipopolysaccharide wall layer 4. retain crystal violet/iodine 5. appear blue/purple |
|
describe gram staining procedure
|
1. heat fix sample of bacteria
2. drops of crystal violet, 1min, rinse 3. gram iodine, 1 min 4. alcohol/acetone, less than 10 sec, rinse 5. safranin, 30-60 sec, rinse 6. heat fix 7. observe |
|
when does gram negative bacteria lose purple color?
|
after alochol step
|
|
what bacteria did we use for gram stain experiment and what happened
|
M. Luteus (cocci) - gram positive, looked like clusters of purple grapes
|
|
bacteria in the environment - why did we do this part of lab?
|
to observe that bacteria are found almost every place on earth, but some areas are more conducive to bacterial growth however
|
|
name three ways to control growth of bacteria
|
1. antibiotics
2. antiseptics 3. disinfectants |
|
antibiotics
|
a chemical produced by another organism that impedes the growth of another organism
it is a direct competitor for nutrients w the other organism - came from living organism |
|
antiseptics
|
substances used to control bacterial growth on living tissue
listerine |
|
disinfectants
|
substance used to control bacteria in an innate surface
lisol |
|
what forms around treatment in bacteria culture if treatment is effective
|
zone of inhibition
|
name and describe
|
Lichen
Crustose (crusty) - symbiotic relationship between a fungi and an algae - algae provides food - fungus provides a suitable environment for the algae to grow in |
name
describe |
Lichen
Fruiticose (shrubby) - symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae -algae provides the food - fungi provides a suitable environment for the algae to grow in |
name
describe |
Lichen
foliose (leafy) - symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae -algae provides the food - fungi provides a suitable environment for the algae to grow in |
name describe
|
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota prepared slide (club fungi) - named for their club shaped spore producing structure called a basidum - examples include mushroom, puffballs, and shelf fungi |
name
describe |
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota (club fungi) - named for their club shaped spore producing structure called a basidium - ex. mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi - mushroom reproducing segment of plant - could have several square miles of hyphae |
name
describe |
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota wet mount yeast slide - unicellular - contain ascocarps (fruiting structures comprised of many asci) - inhabit moist areas - some yeasts are beneficial to humans and some are not - saccharomyces cervisiae is beneficial yeast and is used in bread and beer making |
name
describe |
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota sac/cup fungi - multicellular - contain ascocarps (fruiting structures comprised of many asci) multicellular examples: chestnut blight dutch elm disease truffles |
name
describe |
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota sac/cup fungi - multicellular - contain ascocarps (fruiting structures comprised of many asci) multicellular examples: chestnut blight dutch elm disease truffles |
name
describe |
Kingdom: fungi
division: zygomycota Rhizopus stolinifer - reproduces both sexually and asexually - sexually through the forming of a zygospore - asexually by asexual spores produced in a sporangia - most well known example - bread mold |
name
describe |
kingdom: Fungi
division: zygomycota Rhizopus developing zygospore - reproduces both sexually and asexually - sexually through the forming of a zygospore - asexually by asexual spores produced in a sporangia - most well known example - bread mold |
|
Kingdom Fungi - overview
|
1. multicellular fungi are made up of thread like filaments called hyphae
2. these are organized into the body of the fungus called the mycelium 3. reproduction can be both secual and asex 4. they can be either multicellular or unicellular (yeasts) |
|
hyphae
|
multicellular fungi are made up of thread like filaments
|
|
mycelium
|
body of fungus
|
name
describe |
Kingdom: protista
Phylum: Zoomastigophora (flagellates) - use whip like flagellum to move - generally unicellular - heterotrophic (absorb organic molecules or phagocytize prey) ex. trypanosoma gambiense (african sleeping sickness) |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
phylum: dinoflagellata prepared - major component of phytoplankton (can cause red tide) - cell surface is reinforced with cellular plates ex. peridinium |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
phylum: dinoflagellata live - major component of phytoplankton (can cause red tide) - cell surface is reinforced with cellular plates ex. peridinium |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
phylum: bacillariophyta prepared - component of fresh and salt water plankton - cell wall composed of silica **very geometrical **looks like crystals ex. diatom frustules |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
division: phaeophyta jar (brown algae) - largest and most complex of the algae - all are multicellular ex. sargassum (a kelp) |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
phylum: ryizopoda live - move via the use of pseudopodia (cellular extension) - no fixed body shape - no shell ex. amoebae proteus |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
phylum: ryizopoda prepared - move via the use of pseudopodia (cellular extension) - no fixed body shape - no shell ex. amoebae proteus |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
division: chlorophyta multicellular - believed to be related to ancestors of the plant kingdom - species can be multicellular, filamentous, adn unicellular ex. multicellular, Ulva |
name
describe |
kingdom: protista
division: chlorophyta filamentous - believed to be related to ancestors of the plant kingdom - species can be multicellular, filamentous, and unicellular ex. filamentous: spirogyra live |
|
kingdom: protista
division: chlorophyta unicellular prepared - believed to be related to ancestors of the plant kingdom - species can be multicellular, filamentous, and unicellular ex. unicellular, chlamydomonas |
|
epidermis - describe
- what type of tissue? |
outer most layer of cells
dermal |
|
name three types of gorund tissue
|
parenchyma
collenchyma sclerenchyma |
|
parenchyma
|
most common cell in plant, thin walled with large vacuole
function in photosythesis, storage and support |
|
collenchyma
|
found near suface of stem, uneven thickening of cell walls, provide flexible support
celery strings |
|
sclerenchyma
|
thickened cell wals, may contain lignin, provide strength and support
|
|
name types of vascular tissue
|
xylem
phloem |
|
xylem
|
tracheids and vessel elements, conduct water
|
|
phloem
|
sieve tube members (conductors) and companion cells function in teh movement of the products of photosynthesis
|
|
name types of meristematic tissue
|
primary meristems
pericycle vascular cambium cork cambium |
|
primary meristem
|
small actively dividing cells found in root and shoot tips
|
|
pericycle
|
layer of meristematic tissue foudn just outside the vascular cylinder in roots they divide to produce branch roots
|
|
vascular cambium
|
lateral meristem, small actively dividing cells found between the xylem and phloem
produces secondary growth and increased girth |
|
cork cambium
|
lateral meristem just inside cork layer of woody plant
produces secondary growth |
|
cuticle
|
waxy surface outside - prevents dehydration
|
|
name types of dermal tissue
|
epidermis
cuticle |
|
name types of primary meristem
|
root apical meristem
shoot apical meristem |
|
name types of lateral meristem
|
vascular cambium
cork cambium pericycle |
|
give example of taproot
|
carrot
|
|
give example of fiberous roots
|
grass
|
|
describe funtion of stomata
|
1. gas exchange
2. prevents dehydration 3. turger pressure |
|
how are annual rings formed
|
dead xylem tissue
- spring - large xylem cells, lots of water - summer - smaller xylem cells, not a lot of water - winter xylem cells not produced - repeat |
|
what is in endodermis that modifies travel into stele?
|
casparian strip
- must enter via plasodesmata (symplast) |
label
what type of plant where taken from in plant |
eudicot leaf
|
label
|
|
label
|
|
label
what type of plant and where taken |
eudicot stem
|
label
what type of plant and where taken from in plant |
monocot stem
|
label
what type of plant - where found in plant |
eudicot root
|
label
what type of plant where taken from in plant |
|
label
what type of plant where taken from in plant |
monocot leaf
|
label
example of what |
secondary growth
eudicot |
|
white potato
name plant organ and function/features |
stem
storage, reproduction |
|
carrot
name plant organ and function/features |
tap root
storage, support |
|
onion
name plant organ and function/features |
stem, leaves
storage, support |
|
apple
name plant organ and function/features |
fruit
reproduction |
|
lettuce
name plant organ and function/features |
leaf
photosythesis, storage |
|
slime mold
name define |
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: myxomycota works like amoeba, but grows instead |
|
Paramecium
name describe |
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Ciliophora 1. move via synchronous beating of small hair like cilia 2. phagocytic 3. contain 2 different nuclei, macro nuclei (controls everdy day functions) and micronuclei (functions in conjugation) |
|
gametophyte
|
haploid 1n
|
|
sporophyte
|
diploid 2n
|
|
Name two stages in the alternation of generations
|
haploid gametophyte generation
diploid sporophyte generation |
Name
Domain Kingdom Division describe |
Eukarya
Plantae Bryophyta first appeared in fosssil record 400 mil years ago gametophyte dominatnt stage no vascular tissue motile sperm require water for fertilization |
|
name dominant stage of bryophyta
|
haploid gametaphyte generation dominant
|
name dominant stage
|
hapliod gametophyte generation dominant
|
|
name two divisions of non vascular and seedless vascular plants
|
bryophyta
pterophyta |
|
dominant stage of pterophyta
|
diploid sporophyte generation dominant
|
|
name plant structure of byrophyta
|
lack vascular tissue
have cuticle but lack stomata thallus (plant body) is not organized into roots, stems, leaves |
|
thallus
|
plant body
|
|
describe life cycle
|
spores produced by meiosis
gametophyte produced by mitosis mitosis within the gametophyte then produces gametes fusion of these gametes then creates zygote (2n) zygote then grows into the sproophyte and spores are then produced in the sproangium |
name
|
eukarya
plantae bryophyta antheridial head (male) gametophyte dominant stage |
name
|
eukarya
plantae bryophyta archegonial head (female) gametophyte dominant stage |
name
describe |
eukarya
plantae pterophyta diplaid sporophyte stage dominant contain vasuclar tissue contain stomata and structural support depend on water for fertilization and embryo developement sori - clusters of sporangia |
name
describe |
eukarya
plantae pterophyta diplaid sporophyte stage dominant contain vasuclar tissue contain stomata and structural support depend on water for fertilization and embryo developement sori - clusters of sporangia |
|
sori
|
dark spots on underside of pterophyta leave
clusters of sporangia |
|
describe pterophyta
|
eukarya
plantae pterophyta diplaid sporophyte stage dominant contain vasuclar tissue contain stomata and structural support depend on water for fertilization and embryo developement sori - clusters of sporangia |
|
seed plants
name gymosperm divisions |
cycadophyta
gnetophyta ginkgophyta coniferphyta |
|
seed plants
name divisions for angiosperms |
anthophyta
|
|
describe gnmnosperms
|
lack enclosed chambers for seed development
appeared long before flowering plants reduced gametophyte and interal fertilization wind pollination sporophyte embryo develops within gametophyte tissue have advanced vascular tissue sporophyte generation dominant |
|
name dominant stage of coniferophyta
|
sporophyte generation
|
|
describe coniferophyta
|
most species are evergreens
division contains some of the tallest oldest and largest living organisms neele shape of leaves is an adaptation to dry conditions most lumber comes from conifer wood ex pines, furs, cedars, redwoods, spruces |
|
describe coniferophyta life cycle
|
sprorophyte part
gametophyte part pollen cone - microspore of mother cells ovulate cone - megaspore mother cell, archegoneum, pollen tube |
name
|
coniferophyta
young ovulate cone megaspore mother cell, archegoneum, pollen tube |
|
name two classes of angiosperms (anthophyta)
|
monocotyledons
dicotyledons |
|
example of monocotlydon
|
corn
|
|
example of dicotyledon
|
oak trees, maple trees
|
|
characteristics of angiosperms
|
1. evolution of the flower
2. seed to seed in 1 year 3. more advanced vascular tissue 4. internal fertilization, pollen grain |
|
fruit dispersal
name examples of dry fruits, and fleshy fruits |
dry fruits: legumes, nuts
fleshy fruits: drupes (cherries), pomes (apples) |
|
pedicel
|
stalk that supports the flower
|
|
receptacle
|
tip of the pedicel where the flower parts attach
|
|
sepal
|
outer whorl of bracts, which may be green, brown, or colored like the petals,
may appear as small scales or be petal like |
|
calyx
|
all the sepals collectively
|
|
petal
|
colored, white, or even greenish whorl of bracts located just inside the sepals
|
|
corolla
|
all the petals
|
|
stamen
|
pollen-bearing structure, composed of filament and anther
|
|
filament
|
thin stalk that supports the anther
|
|
anther
|
pollen-producing structure
|
|
main characteristic of drupes
|
ovary with one see, which is surrounded by a very hard stone (outer covering of the seed is formed from teh inner ovary wall)
|
|
carpel
|
female reproductive structure, composed of the stigma, style, and ovary, often pear-shaped and located in the center of the flower
|
|
stigma
|
receptive tip of the carpel, often sticky or hariy, where pollen is placed; important to pollen germination
|
|
style
|
tissue connecting stigma to ovary, often long and narrow, but may be short or absent; pollen must grow through this tissue to ferilize the egg
|
|
ovary
|
base of carpel; protects ovules inside; mature to form fruit
|
|
simple fruit
example and describe characteristic |
nut, legume
one ovary |
|
main characteristic of nut
|
- one seed
- ovary wall hard or woody but can be separated from the seed |
|
main characteristic of pome
|
fleshy fruit develops in part from surrounding tissue of the flower (base of sepals and petals); therefore, ovary wall seen as core around seeds
|
|
main characteristic of legume
|
- two to many seeds
- mature ovary opens along both sides |
|
fleshy fruit
examples |
pome, drupe
- |
name
describe |
coniferophyta
pine pollen male gametophyte (1n) |
name
describe |
coniferophyta
mature ovulate cone magaspore mother cell, archegoneum pollen tube |
what are brown spots - describe
|
sori
clusters of sporangia sporangia produce spores |
name
describe |
coniferophyta
staminate cone (pollen cone) - microspore mother cells (2n) are released - go through meiosis and produce pollen (1n) |
label
|
|
label
|
|
label
|
|
|
name characteristics of animals
|
1. symmetry
2. body cavity 3. digestive tract 4. circulatory system 5. organs for respiration 6. type of locomotion 7. segmentation 8. type of nervous system |
|
name types of symmetry
|
1. radial - around central disc
2. bilateral - two sides 3. asymmetrical - no symetry |
|
name types of body cavity types
|
1. acoelomate - no body cavity
2. pseudocoelomate - no body cavity (pseudo cavity) 3. coelomate - body cavity |
|
3 Tissue layers
no body cavity |
acoelomate
|
|
3 tissues layers
pseudo body cavity |
psuedocoelomate
- no body cavity - pseudocavity (pseudocoel) develops between the mesoderm and the endoderm |
|
3 tissue layers
body cavity |
eucoelomate
develops enirely within the mesoderm (surrounded by mesoderm) |
|
name tissue layers
|
ectoderm
mesoderm endoderm |
|
protostome - describe
|
1. spiral cleavage
2. determinate cleavage (fate of each cell rigidly cast) 3. blastopore develops into mouth 4. schizocoelous coelom formation (solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelom) ex mollusk, annelids, anthropods |
|
deuterostome - describe
|
1. radial cleavage (parallel or perpendicular to radial axis)
2. intermediate cleavage (each cell produced by early cleavage retains ability to develop into embryo- make identical twins possible) 3. blastopore develops into anus 4. enterocoelous coelum formation (mesoderm buds from teh wall of archenteron to form coelum) ex. echinoderms, chordates |
|
digestive tract - 2 options
|
single opening
double opening |
|
circulatory system - 2 options
|
open system
closed system |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia porifera osculum - large opening (large pore) central cavity - no body cavity collar cells - closely resembles a protist with a single flagellum intracellular digestion loose aggregate of cells- assymetrical |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia cnideria anthozoa most marine (some fresh water) 2 tissue layer - no body cavity single opening digestion radial symetry 2 body types: polyp (cylindrical, usually found attached to a substrate) medusae (free floating and umbrella shaped) hydorzoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia cnideria scyphozoa most marine (some fresh water) 2 tissue layer - no body cavity single opening digestion radial symetry 2 body types: polyp (cylindrical, usually found attached to a substrate) medusae (free floating and umbrella shaped) hydorzoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia cnideria scyphozoa most marine (some fresh water) 2 tissue layer - no body cavity single opening digestion radial symetry 2 body types: polyp (cylindrical, usually found attached to a substrate) medusae (free floating and umbrella shaped) hydorzoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia cnideria hydrozoa most marine (some fresh water) 2 tissue layer - no body cavity single opening digestion radial symetry 2 body types: polyp (cylindrical, usually found attached to a substrate) medusae (free floating and umbrella shaped) hydorzoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia porifera osculum - large opening (large pore) central cavity - no body cavity collar cells - closely resembles a protist with a single flagellum intracellular digestion loose aggregate of cells- assymetrical |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia cnideria anthozoa most marine (some fresh water) 2 tissue layer - no body cavity single opening digestion radial symetry 2 body types: polyp (cylindrical, usually found attached to a substrate) medusae (free floating and umbrella shaped) hydorzoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia platyhelminthes turbellaria freeliving flatworms, not parsitic billateral symmetry acoelomate - no body cavity single opening digestion |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia platyhelminthes cestoda ossess a scolex (head) armed with suckers and hooks posterior of scolex is a long ribbon of units call proglottids (filled with reproductive organs) no digestive system lifecycle includes intermediate host (vertebrate) tapeworm |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia nematoda parasite in the intestines of mammals bilateral symmetry pseudocoelomate tubular digestive tract |
|
name two classes of phylum platyhelminthes
|
turbellaria
cestoda |
|
name three classes of annelida
|
oligochaeta
polychaeta hirudinea |
|
describe phylum annelida
|
1. coelomate
2. tubular digestive system 3. closed circulatory system 4. bilateral symmetry |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia annelida hirudinea most are found in freshwater many are carnivores leeches coelomate tubular digestive system closed circulatory system bilateral symmetry |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia annelida oligochaeta live in soil earthworm coelomate tubular digestive system closed circulatory system bilateral symmetry |
LABEL
|
|
|
collar cells
|
porifera
line central cavity, closely resembles protists with single flagellum help move food and water through |
|
osculum
|
large opening of porifera
|
|
cnidocytes
|
nideria
hydrozoa contain toxins - stings prey |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia annelida polychaeta coelomate tubular digestive system closed circulatory system bilateral symmetry mostly marine clamworms used for deep sea fishing |
|
crop
|
soft, swollen region of the digestive tract
|
|
gizzard
|
smaller, more ridged then digestive tract
|
what is this
label give example |
acoelomate
3 layers - no body cavity example - platyhelminthes turbellaria |
what is this?
label example |
psuedocoelomate
example - nematoda |
what is this?
label example |
eucoelomate
example - annelida oligochaeta |
name
describe |
annelida
polychaeta coelomate tubular digestive system closed cirulatory system bilateral symmetry |
name
describe |
porifera
intracellular digestion loose aggregate of cells osculum central cavity collar cells |
|
name classes of mollusca
|
polyplacophora
gastropoda bivalvia cephalopoda |
|
name 3 classes of echinodermata
|
asteroida
ophiuroidea echinoidea |
|
name 3 subphylums of chordata
|
urochordata
cephalochordata vertebrata |
|
name 7 classes of vertebrata
|
agnatha
chondrichthyes osterichthyes amphibia reptilia aves mammalia |
|
describe
mollusca polyplacophora |
soft bodied and protected by a calcum carbonate shell
oval shape shell divided into 8 dorsal plates ex chitons |
|
describe
mollusca gastropoda |
soft bodied and protected by a calcum carbonate shell
largest mollusca class most are marine (few fresh water or terrestrial) snail slug |
|
describe mollusca
bivalvia |
soft bodied
protected by a calcium carbonate shell protected by a hinged shell most are suspension feeders ex. clams oysters scallops |
|
describe
mollusca cephalopoda |
shell is either reduced or interal or non-existant
agile carnivores use beak like jaw to crush prey ex squid octopus |
|
describe anthropods
|
contain hard exoskeleton comprised of chitin and protein
open circulartory system tubular digestive system many forms of gas exchange systems |
|
name phylum considered anthropods
|
myriapoda
hexapoda crustacea chelicerata |
|
name class of chelicerata
|
arachnida
|
|
describe myriapoda
millipedes |
worm like body with 2 pairs of walking legs per segment
feed on decaying matter |
|
describe myriapoda
centepedes |
head contains 1 pair of antenna as well as a mouth complete with mandibles
body is compresed of several segments with 1 pair of walking legs per segment |
|
name two examples of myriapoda
|
millipedes
centepedes |
|
describe hexapoda
|
greater diversity then all other forms of life combined
gas exchange - tracheal system go through metamorphosis during development body is separated into 3 parts - head, thorax and abdomen thorax contains 3 pairs of walking legs flight has distinct advantage to some ex grasshoppers, bees, wasps, hornets, ant, dragonflies |
|
describe crustacea
|
live in both marine and fresh water envrironments
gas exchange - across thin layers of cuticle or through gills ex. lobster, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
|
describe
chelicerata arachnida |
members of this class possess a chephalothorax with 6 pairs of appendages
gas exchange - book lungs ex spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks |
|
describe Echinodermata
|
most are sedentary marine forms
radial symmetry as adults, bilateral symmetry as larva unique feature is water vascular system: 1. network of canals 2. branch into extensions called tube feet 3. function in locomotion, feeding adn gas exchange |
|
describe
echinodermata asteroidea |
5 or more arms extending from a central disc
suction cups at the end of each foot strong ability to regenerate ex sea stars |
|
describe
echinodermata ophiuroidea |
smaller central disc then asteroidea
longer arms than sea stars no suction cups on feet ex. brittle stars |
|
describe
echinodermata echinoidea |
lack arms
have 5 rows of tube feet for locomotion ex sea urchins and sand dollars |
|
describe Chordata
|
1. notochord
2. dorsal hollow nerve cord 3. pharyngeal slits 4. muscular post anal tail all will appear at some point during life cycle |
|
notochord
|
flexible rod located between gut and nerve cord
|
|
dorsal hollow nerve cord
|
brain and spinal cord develop from this
|
|
pharyngeal slits
|
allws water entering mouth to exit after going through the entire digestive tract
|
|
muscular post anal tail
|
tail extends beyond the anus
|
|
describe
Chordata Urochordata |
sea squirts
sessile marine animals adults bear little resemblance to other chordates |
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describe
Chordata Cephalochordata |
lancelets
chordate characteristics are all present in adults marine filter feeders ex branchiostoma |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata agnatha |
jawless fishes
lampreys and hagfishes |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata agnatha lamprey |
eel shaped
feed via clamping their mouth onto live fish, tongue penetrates the skin and they feed on the blood of fish |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata agnatha hagfish |
resembe the lamprey
scavengers, lack the lampreys mouth parts |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata chondrichthyes |
flexible skeleton comprised of cartilage
well developed jaws paired fins ex. sharks, skates, rays |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata osteichthyes |
1. skeleton is bony, reinforced with calcium phosphate
2. skin covered with flat bony scales 3. swim bladder provides buoyancy 4. gas exchange - drawing water in over 4 to 5 pairs of gills 5. abundant in both marine and fresh water ex. trout, salmon, haddock, cod |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata amphibia |
1. gas exchange - over moist skin (some have lungs
2. eggs of amphibians must be laid in water (lack of shell) 3. order Urodela - Salamander 4. Order anura - frogs, toads 5. Order apoda - caecilians |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata reptilia |
many adaptations for life on land
1. scales contain keratin - prevent dehydration 2. gas exchange - lungs 3. internal egg fertilization - amniotic egg ectothermic -maintain body temp through use of external heat supplies ex. turtle, lizard, snake, crocodile |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata aves |
share many characteristic with reptilia
-amniotic egg -internal fertilization -scales on legs evolved from reptilia during mesozoic era developed many adaptation for flight - bones that have honeycomb style interal structure - interal organ systems reduced - no not possess teeth (gizzard) endothermic 4 chambered heart adn efficient lungs ex. eagles, penguins, blue jays, sparrows, pigeons |
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describe
Chordata vertebrata mammalia |
hair
endothermic4 chambered heart very effecient respiratory system internal egg fertilization larger brains then members of the other vertebrate classes |
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dependent variable
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one that is measured controlled or observed
ex. # of bacteria CFUs |
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independent variable
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experimental condition that is manipulated
ex. type of soap used |
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controlled variable
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variables that must be kept constant
ex. how much soap how long hands washed |
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confidence interval
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95% probability of containing the true population mean
contains many different calculated means measures the variability of the data |
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what if 95% CIs overlap?
what if teh overlap is small? |
then there is more than a 5% chance that there is no difference between teh samples
- statistically insignificant if overlap is small - then it "suggests" difference between the samples, but the difference is not statistically significant |
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box and whisker graph
what does it do? what if boxes are large? |
graphically shows the data as boxes
can visually determine if the data overlap if boxes are large - samples were extremely variable |
label
kingdom phylum |
animalia
crustacea |
label
kingdom phylum |
animalia
crustacea |
name
describe |
animalia
mollusca polyplacophora soft bodied and protected by a calcum carbonate shell oval shape shell divided into 8 dorsal plates ex chitons |
name
describe |
animalia
mollusca gatropoda soft bodied and protected by a calcum carbonate shell largest mollusca class most are marine (few fresh water or terrestrial) snail slug |
name
describe |
animalia
mollusca gatropoda soft bodied and protected by a calcum carbonate shell largest mollusca class most are marine (few fresh water or terrestrial) snail slug |
name
describe |
animalia
mollusca bivalvia soft bodied protected by a calcium carbonate shell protected by a hinged shell most are suspension feeders ex. clams oysters scallops |
name
describe |
animalia
mollusca bivalvia soft bodied protected by a calcium carbonate shell protected by a hinged shell most are suspension feeders ex. clams oysters scallops |
name
describe |
animalia
mollusca cephalopoda shell is either reduced or interal or non-existant agile carnivores use beak like jaw to crush prey ex squid octopus |
name
describe |
animalia
myriapoda 1. contain hard exoskeleton comprised of chitin and protein 2. open circulartory system 3. tubular digestive system 4. many forms of gas exchange systems worm like body with 2 pairs of walking legs per segment feed on decaying matter |
name
describe |
animalia
myriapoda 1. contain hard exoskeleton comprised of chitin and protein 2. open circulartory system 3. tubular digestive system 4. many forms of gas exchange systems head contains 1 pair of antenna as well as a mouth complete with mandibles body is comprised of several segments with 1 pair of walking legs per segment |
name
describe |
animalia
crustacea live in both marine and fresh water envrironments gas exchange - across thin layers of cuticle or through gills ex. lobster, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
name
describe |
animalia
crustacea live in both marine and fresh water envrironments gas exchange - across thin layers of cuticle or through gills ex. lobster, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
name
describe |
animalia
crustacea live in both marine and fresh water envrironments gas exchange - across thin layers of cuticle or through gills ex. lobster, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
name
describe |
animalia
crustacea live in both marine and fresh water envrironments gas exchange - across thin layers of cuticle or through gills ex. lobster, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
name
describe |
animalia
crustacea live in both marine and fresh water envrironments gas exchange - across thin layers of cuticle or through gills ex. lobster, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia chelicerata arachnida members of this class possess a chephalothorax with 6 pairs of appendages gas exchange - book lungs ex spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia chelicerata arachnida members of this class possess a chephalothorax with 6 pairs of appendages gas exchange - book lungs ex spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia chelicerata arachnida members of this class possess a chephalothorax with 6 pairs of appendages gas exchange - book lungs ex spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks |
name describe
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eukarya
animalia chelicerata arachnida members of this class possess a chephalothorax with 6 pairs of appendages gas exchange - book lungs ex spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia echinodermata asteroidea 5 or more arms extending from a central disc suction cups at the end of each foot strong ability to regenerate ex sea stars |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia echinodermata asteroidea 5 or more arms extending from a central disc suction cups at the end of each foot strong ability to regenerate ex sea stars |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia echinodermata ophiuroidea smaller central disc then asteroidea longer arms than sea stars no suction cups on feet ex. brittle stars |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia echinodermata echinoidea lack arms have 5 rows of tube feet for locomotion ex sea urchins and sand dollars |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia echinodermata echinoidea lack arms have 5 rows of tube feet for locomotion ex sea urchins and sand dollars |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata Cephalochordata lancelets chordate characteristics are all present in adults marine filter feeders |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata Cephalochordata lancelets chordate characteristics are all present in adults marine filter feeders |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata Cephalochordata lancelets chordate characteristics are all present in adults marine filter feeders |
name
label |
eukarya
animalia Chordata Cephalochordata |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata agnatha lamprey eel shaped feed via clamping their mouth onto live fish, tongue penetrates the skin and they feed on the blood of fish |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata agnatha lamprey eel shaped feed via clamping their mouth onto live fish, tongue penetrates the skin and they feed on the blood of fish |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata agnatha lamprey eel shaped feed via clamping their mouth onto live fish, tongue penetrates the skin and they feed on the blood of fish |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata agnatha hagfish : resembe the lamprey scavengers, lack the lampreys mouth parts |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata chondrichthyes flexible skeleton comprised of cartilage well developed jaws paired fins ex. sharks, skates, rays |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata osteichthyes 1. skeleton is bony, reinforced with calcium phosphate 2. skin covered with flat bony scales 3. swim bladder provides buoyancy 4. gas exchange - drawing water in over 4 to 5 pairs of gills 5. abundant in both marine and fresh water ex. trout, salmon, haddock, cod, sea horse, eel, blowfish |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata osteichthyes 1. skeleton is bony, reinforced with calcium phosphate 2. skin covered with flat bony scales 3. swim bladder provides buoyancy 4. gas exchange - drawing water in over 4 to 5 pairs of gills 5. abundant in both marine and fresh water ex. trout, salmon, haddock, cod, sea horse, eel, blowfish |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata osteichthyes 1. skeleton is bony, reinforced with calcium phosphate 2. skin covered with flat bony scales 3. swim bladder provides buoyancy 4. gas exchange - drawing water in over 4 to 5 pairs of gills 5. abundant in both marine and fresh water ex. trout, salmon, haddock, cod, sea horse, eel, blowfish |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata amphibia 1. gas exchange - over moist skin (some have lungs) 2. eggs of amphibians must be laid in water (lack of shell) |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata amphibia 1. gas exchange - over moist skin (some have lungs) 2. eggs of amphibians must be laid in water (lack of shell) |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata amphibia 1. gas exchange - over moist skin (some have lungs) 2. eggs of amphibians must be laid in water (lack of shell) |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata reptilia many adaptations for life on land 1. scales contain keratin - prevent dehydration 2. gas exchange - lungs 3. internal egg ex lizard, snake, turtle, skink |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata reptilia many adaptations for life on land 1. scales contain keratin - prevent dehydration 2. gas exchange - lungs 3. internal egg ex lizard, snake, turtle, skink |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata reptilia many adaptations for life on land 1. scales contain keratin - prevent dehydration 2. gas exchange - lungs 3. internal egg ex lizard, snake, turtle, skink |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata reptilia many adaptations for life on land 1. scales contain keratin - prevent dehydration 2. gas exchange - lungs 3. internal egg ex lizard, snake, turtle, skink |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata reptilia many adaptations for life on land 1. scales contain keratin - prevent dehydration 2. gas exchange - lungs 3. internal egg ex lizard, snake, turtle, skink |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata aves share many characteristic with reptilia -amniotic egg -internal fertilization -scales on legs evolved from reptilia during mesozoic era developed many adaptation for flight - bones that have honeycomb style interal structure - interal organ systems reduced - do not possess teeth (gizzard) - endothermic - 4 chambered heart and efficient lungs ex. eagles, penguins, blue jays, sparrows, pigeons |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata aves share many characteristic with reptilia -amniotic egg -internal fertilization -scales on legs evolved from reptilia during mesozoic era developed many adaptation for flight - bones that have honeycomb style interal structure - interal organ systems reduced - do not possess teeth (gizzard) - endothermic - 4 chambered heart and efficient lungs ex. eagles, penguins, blue jays, sparrows, pigeons |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata mammalia hair endothermic 4 chambered heart very effecient respiratory system internal egg fertilization larger brains then members of the other vertebrate classes ex mice, ground hog, human |
name
describe |
eukarya
animalia Chordata vertebrata mammalia hair endothermic 4 chambered heart very effecient respiratory system internal egg fertilization larger brains then members of the other vertebrate classes ex mice, ground hog, human |
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porifera
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. no symmetry
2. loose, aggregate of cells 3. none 4. intracellular digestion 5. water transported through body 6. aquatic 7. cells - across membrane |
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cnideria
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. radial
2. two tissue layers 3. n/a 4. one opening 5. cells come in contact with water 6. aquatic 7. cells, across membrane |
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platyhelminthes
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three layers 3. aceolmate 4. one opening 5. none 6. aquatic 7. cells, across membrane |
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annelida
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. closed circulation 6. aquatic/terrestrial 7. skin |
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mollusca
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. open 6. aquatic 7. gills |
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nematoda
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. psuedocoelomate 4. two openings 5. none - transport in psuedocoelom 6. parasitic 7. none, anaerobic |
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hexopoda
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. open 6. terrestrial 7. spiracles, tracheae |
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myriapoda
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. open 6. terrestrial 7. spiracles, tracheae |
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crustacia
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. open 6. aquatic 7. gills |
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chelicerata
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organ |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. open 6. terrestrial 7. spiracles, tracheae |
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echinodermata
asteroidea name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organs |
1. bilateral as larve, radial as adult
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. reduced circulatory 6. marine, bottom dwelling 7. skin gills |
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cephalochordata
name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organs |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. closed 6. aquatic 7. skin |
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chordata verbrata
mammilia name: 1. symmetry 2. tissue organization 3. type of body cavity 4. digestive openings 5. cirulatory system 6. habitat 7. respiratory organs |
1. bilateral
2. three tissue layers 3. eucoelomate 4. two openings 5. closed 6. terrestrial 7. lungs |
