27 IDs

eisenhowr's policy--- conservative w/ reducing taxes and containing inflation
liberl-- social security benefits, minimum wage, less federal gov control

loyalty day 1955
William F Buckley Jr-- founded ntional review and thought comm still a threat
John Birch Society- thought eisenhower was commy and thought liberalism was treason-- fought against taxes sex ed gun control ect.

appointed by Eisenhower and expected to be much more conservative
Brown V Board-- overturned plessy and said no segregation in public schools
also ended prosecution of suspected comms

southern states "took their time" and groups like the KKK & the white citizens' council became popular again
-southern politicians competed to be more segregationist
southern manifesto- states that brown decsion was a breach of judicial power

Faris= gov of arkansas
refused to let nine african american studentsfrom entering school
Eiserhower sends in air force to take them to school.
shows
1- eisenhowers stance on civil rights
2- strength of black determination
3- role of tv
4- federal power over state power

civil rights acts of 57 and 60- showed changing views of race in fed gov

57- established a permanent commission on civil rights with road investigatory powers but didn’t guarantee ballot. Becomes watered down and almost ineffective. 60 slightly strengthened the enforcememnt of 57

Secretary of state under Eisenhower, aggressive containment policy that eisenhower went along with

aggresive containment policy--
3 parts
massive retaliation- basically promised to get soviet aggression with everything they had.
more bang for the buck- use more nuclear weapons and less conventional ones because they were cheap and efficient
brinksmanship- do everything to push a country to the brink of war with the idea that they'll back down

eisenhower wanted US and SU to agree to give fissionable materials to the UN for use in industrial projects so everyone benefits-- SU wasnt feelin it

one of the precautions set up by the eisenhower admin- station ini alaska to watch for invasion from that direction

54
- cease fire when french surrenders in vietnam b/c they can't defen bien bien phu
- 17th parallel (cease fire divided vietban here until elections)
--US refuses to sign the peace accords bc they believed in domino theory and thought that communist control would take over vietnam and then al of asia.

- agree to end nuclear atmospheric testing
- gets stalin to agree to peaceful coexistence

asian countries in a military alliance patterned like NATO, created by the us after refusing to sign peace accords
AGAINST cOMMUNISM

cia puts DIEM in power (ho chin minh was former comm leader) -- catholic and anticomm installed by CIA as president but didnt have a lot of support bc of his faith and refused to institute land reform or end corruption
- end up getting him assasinated

technically 63-- but they had been sending "military advisors" prior to this who were pretty much fighting.
tried to stop NLF and give money to gov

opposed DIEM and backed by north vietnam they soon controlled south vietnam in rebellion to diem

Nasser nationalized the canal, Britain wanted it back so they attacked with Israel and France in 1956. Withdrew when Moscow threatened to intervene. Swelled antiwestern sentiment and US replaced BR and FR as protectors of western interests in Middle East.

US would send military aid and troops if necessry to combat communist agression in ME countries (specific to ME while truman was to asia)

would aid overthrow of communist government and put leaders in power-- called for in NSC 68
examples: guatamala
Iran
phillipenes
saudi arabia
vietnam

- would also use like subliminal messages and posters and propoganda

- cuba taken over by castro(dictator) who confiscated American properties
- U-2 Incident- sovs captured CIA pilot, nuclear testing starts in atmosphere again
-- call off scheduled peace talks

military industrial complex- large defense budget allowed military to take over corporations and become more present in every day life
--- must gurard against disasters from this

1958-- economist published study of postwar america bc of the prosperity--- highest living standard ever.

• Duquesne Light Company built first nuclear power plant in pa in 1954
• Mark I and ENIAC ENIAC could compute much faster than Mark Iand lead to the development of programs for the computers.
• Silicon Valley- high technology complex that started with the opening of standford industrial park in 1951. Stanford used science and engineering staff to design and produce products for HP and other companies. Other firms would follow this as orchards became industrial facilities.
• Conglomerates- companies merging in unrelated industries—telephone company selling insurance.

other directed vs inner directed
-- other directed were the conformists of the age

Rachel Carson- silent Spring 62-- how fertilizers and other chemicals poisoned the environment and the states and then fed gov poisoned use of DDT

- religion (billy graham and televangelists)
- mccarthyism
-mccaren things
- HUAC
- security and loyalty was the big dea in 50s/60s
- Levitowns (towns where all the houses looked exactly the same)

against
- youth w/ rock and roll
- brown v board

became popular especially with former servicemen and california’s population greatly increased. LA had the most homes and free ways. Stretched from the old confederacy across texas to southern cali, had more people than the north and east by 1980 and fueled the power of the republican party.

baby booms and silk and sabin making polio vaccines

common sense book of baby and childcare
really really popular, encouraged women not to work outside the hoem so they can spend the necessary time with their children so they don’t feel rejected and to have democratic discussions instead of scolding--- burdened mothers and kids ruled.

women were subordinate and acted like they didn't want equality- catered to man/ family

billy graham anticommunist-- religious televangelist didn't like working women, homosexuals, very influential
- in god we trust on dollars
- under god in pledge
- Ben Hur

causes- increased production of cars and wealth

effects- eisenhower creates interstate highway system--
2 purposes
-- makes transportation easier
-- quick military transport and evacuation

while tennagers of the baby boom were "going steady" and rebelling, college students were still in the confority state and were very conservative

pollock- huge canvases-- modern art that made NY popular destination

updike- wrote about dissatisfied people during the era with bad jobs and lives that need substance

faulkner-- most vital fiction- wrote about life of people in mississippi

ellison- wrote about the black experience

TV created new products and could make anything popular (coonskin hats)
-- tv dinner
-- tv guide in 52 sold more than any other magazine

nixon's checkers speech
mccarthy looks like an asshole on tv and no one feels bad for him

poor were very poor and always sick, trapped in a cycle:
• Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the US poor trapped in a cycle of wanting and being deprived. They got sick al the time and couldn’t hold steady jobs, housing, or food.

outlawed after Montgomery bus boycott-- showed the strength of blacks during this time
1956

spanish seasonal farmworkers-- stigmatized and depressed their wages

• 1957--leadership conference to organized nonviolent direct action

deported around 3 million undocumented aliens

government establishes this to provide natives w/ moving costs and assist them in finding houses and jobs in the world

SU launched satellite in 57-- US wanted to catch up
-- caused PANIC
-- thought they were spying or were going to bomb us from there
- people thought there was a missile gap
-- created nasa to create a satelite
-- national defense education act to fund students and teachers in science and technology

tried to end exploitation and violation of latin american rights

CORE, SNCC, SCLC

precursor to brown v board/ warren's appointment
- university of tx law school had to admit a student named sweat who was black
- schools need to take into account certain tangibles-- compared black schools w/ white schools and saw how much better white ones were

increased beurocracy
-business w/ management
- capital- industrial complex
- jobs not for individual thought
- bomb shelters

58-62