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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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these compose the major systems of hearing, speech and language
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Central nervous system, auditory, respiratory, phonatory, resonatory and articulatory systems
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these compose the respiratory system
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diaphragm, abdomen, thoracic cavity, intercostals and the trachea
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this is the chief muscle of inhalation
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diaphragm, and it is located between the abdomen & thoracic cavity
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section located below the diaphragm
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abdomen
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section located above the diaphragm
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thoracic cavity
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there are 11 pair of muscles located between the ribs
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intercoastals
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this is the starting point of the lower airway
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trachea
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trachea branches or bifurcates in to the bronchi to then branch into
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bronchioloes
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what are articulation disorders?
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sound acquision problems that children have ei. Substitute a"t" for a "k"
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what does ccc at end of SLPs stand for?
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dlinical competency certificate it is required in some institutions to work
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what does IEP stand for?
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Individualized Educational Plan
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diaphragm constriction causes
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air to be drawn into the lungs
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the abdomen contains within it
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the kidneys and the intestines
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the thoracic cavity contains within it
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the lungs and the heart
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what is the duty of the intercoastals?
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help the ribs expand and contract to control breath stream
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how many pairs of ribs are there
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12 pairs
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what does the upper air way include?
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the structures of the larynx, epiglottis and the pharynx
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these compose the phonatory mechanism
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larynx, hyoid bone, cartilages, and the vocal folds
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where is the phonatory system located?
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above the respiratory system
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where is the larynx?
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it rests just above the trachea
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what is the hyoid bone?
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a u shaped bone from which the larynx is suspended
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name the cartilages of the larynx
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thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, arytenoids, corniculates and cuneiforms
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name the unpaired cartilage of the larynx
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thryorid, cricod, epiglottis
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name the paired cartialge of the larynx
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arytenoids, corniculates, and cuneiforms
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the central nervous system consists of
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brain and the spinal cord
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these attach to the vocal process of the arytenoids posteriorly
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Vocal folds
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vocal folds attach to the back of thyroid cartilage anteriorly where?
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at the thyroid notch
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this unpaired cartilage is located underneath the thyroid
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cricoid
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this unpaired cartilage sits on top of the larynx
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epiglottis
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this paired cartilage where vocal folds attach has a vocal and lateral process
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help the ribs expand and contract to control breath stream
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what is the purpose of the vocal process of the arytenoids
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this is where the vocal folds attach
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what cartilage is on top of the arytehoids?
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the corniculates
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coniform cartilage reside where?
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in the glotical folds
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what does the arythenoids tells us
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how tight to hold the vocal folds/the tigher the higher the loser the lower the pitch
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Resonatory mechanism includes
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pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and the velum
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where is the pharygeal cavity?
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just above the larynx, back of the throat
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what is the oral cavity
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the mouth non nasal sounds are primarily resonated here
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what is the nasal cavity
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nose. These sounds are resonated here m, n, ng
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what is the importance of the velum?
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regulates airflow between the oral and nasal cavities in english there are 3 nasal consonants
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name the movable articulators
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the tongue, lips, soft palate and jaw
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name the unmovable articulators
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teeth, hard palate or maxilliar and the alveolar ridge
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auditory mechanism is composed of
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outer, middle and inner ear
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this outer ear component is responsible for funneling sound waves in to the ear
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pinna or auricle
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this outer ear component of the ear canal is also known as the
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external audioty meatus
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the eardrum, part of the middle ear is also known as
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tympanic membrane
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the 3 ossicles in the middle ear are:
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malleus, incus and stapes
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these are 4 of the components of the inner ear
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oval window (cochlea component), semicircular canal, cochlea, organ of corti
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where is the organ of corti located
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within the basilar membrane
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what constitudes the central nervous system?
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brain and the spinal cord
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what constitudes the cerebrum?
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gyri and sulci it has two hemisphere/ left and right
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name the fuction of the frontal lobe
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responsible for motor movements, executive functioning planning and memory. Broca area is here important in speech production
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what is the function of the parietal lobe
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sensory information occurs here, heat/cold sensory this is located posterior to the frontal lobe
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name the fuction of the temporal lobe
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responsible for hearing, this is where wernicke's are is located also language comprehension occurs here
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describe the importance of the basal ganglia
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located deep within the brain, lessions of this causes movement disorders, dyskinesia (little movement), hyperkinesia (too much movement), altered posture, dysarthria and parkinson's disease. Rest tremors
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what is known as the relay station of the brain
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the talamus, because it integrates sensory information and communicates it to various parts of the cerebral cortex
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what is the cerebellum's function
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it coordinates our movements damage can result in ataxia(uncoordiante motor moves) and the inability to produce rhythmic speech sounds (dyakanetic), intention tremors, mystagmus (eye shifting) characterized by wide gait if damaged
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what is included in the brain stem?
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the midbrain, pons and the medulla also where a lot of the cranial and spinal nerves go through
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How many types of connecting fiber are there in the brain
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projection, association, commissural
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what are projection fiber responsible for
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to establish connection between the cortex and subcortical structures, they run vertically
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what are association fibers functions
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connecting areas within the same hemisphere of the brain
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why is the commissural fiber important?
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it connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain, the main one is corpus collosum
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How many cranial nerves are there?
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12 pairs and the 7 speech related ones are: Trigeminal 5 (v), Facial 7 (VII), Auditory 8 (Viii), Glossopharyngeal 9 (IX), vagus 10 (X), accessory 11 (XI) and the hypoglossal 12 (XII)
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what is the second major division of the human nervous system
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the peripheral nervous system and it consists of the 31 pairs of spinal and the 12 cranial nerves
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describe the pyramidal system or the direct activation pathway
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responsible for voluntary movement, it contains 2 bundles of nerve fibers; corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
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within the pyramidal system what is of speech importance
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the coticobulbar tract where voluntary movement for speech production is controlled
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describe the extrapyramidal system or the indirect activation system importance in speech
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made up of various subcortial nuclei, within it the basal ganglia which is responsible for skilled motor movement of speech
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involuntary movement disorder is indicative of damage to what area
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Indirect activation system which is also evident in poor posture and tone
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what is the upper motor neuron?
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nerve fibers that stay within the central nervous system.the originate in the cerebral cortex then descend to the vental horns of the spinal cords terminating at the cranial nerve in the brain stem.
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describe the lower motor neuron and what happens to speech if damaged
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causes muscular movements. Damage causes weakness, slowness of movements in speech of lips, tongue, and soft palate
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