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72 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What species do chelye mites affect?
What species affects which animals? |
dogs, cats, rabbits, humans
dogs - yasguri cats - blakei rabbits - parasittivorax |
|
Where is the life cycle of chelye mites and why is the important?
How long can female mites live in the environement? |
on the host (egg, larvae, nymph, adult)
-therefore hairs are an important part of infection -10 days |
|
What is the distribution for Chelye mites?
specifically in cats? |
dorsally dry scaling --> generalized
cats --> miliary derm with crusted papules and self-inflicted alopecia |
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What are 3 methods for diagnosing Cheyle mites?
|
-skin scraping
-flea comb -fecal float |
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What are 6 DD for cheyle mites?
|
1 - Allergy
2 - Scabies 3 - Demodex 4 - fleas 5 - Primary seborrhea 6 - pediculosis |
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What are 4 treatments for Cheyle mites.
Name one more specific to rabbits? |
1 - Front-line spray
2 - Lime sulfur dips 3 - Ivermectin 4 - keratolytic (salicylic acid) and keratoplastic (coal tar) shampoos -- both (sulphur * rabbits - revolution |
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What do the large, white ear mites live on?
|
epidermal debris
-they live on the surface |
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What CS do dogs have with ear mites?
Where else can they be found? |
pruritus with minimal discharge
-neck, rump, tail |
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What are 4 differentials for ear mites?
|
1 - allergies (AD, food)
2 - scabies 3 - flea hypersenitivity 4 - pediculosis 5 - chiggers |
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What are 6 topical treatments for ear mites?
|
*7-7-7
1 - pyrethrin or carbaryl ear drops 2 - Thiabendazole *2 doses, 2 weeks apart 3 - ivermectin otic solutin (0.01%) 4 - Fipronil 5 - Selamectin *once 6 - Milbemycin oxime .1% |
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How long do actively feeding adult fleas survive off of the host?
|
4 days
|
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What animals are affected with fleas?
|
-dog, cat, rabbit
-raccoon, squirrel, opossum, rodent -ferret -birds |
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What is the life cycle of the flea?
|
17-28 days
-egg to larva (4-7 d) -larvae to pupae (8-14 d) -pupae to adult (4 d - up to 6-12 months) |
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What type of reactions occur in dogs with flea allergies?
|
-immediate type 1 HS
- delayed type 4 HS (cell-mediated) -cutaneous basophil HS |
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What is the allergen that causes flea allergies?
What does the immunologic response rely on? |
cte f 1 in flea saliva
-genetic predisposition, duration and degree of flea exposure |
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What are predisposing factors to flea allergy dermatitis?
|
1 - intermittent exposure to fleas (may be protective in dogs)
2- exposure later in life 3 - Atopic allergies |
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What are clincial signs of flea allergies in cats?
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1 - pruruits
2 - military dermatitis - crusted papules 3- self-induced symmetrical alopecia |
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What are variants of eosinophlic disease complex in cats?
|
- indolent ulcers
- eosinophilic plaques - linear granuloma |
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What is the distribution of flea allergies in cats?
|
-dorsal L-S
-caudomedial thighs -ventral abdomen -flanks - pericervical area -face |
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What is the distribution of flea allergies in dogs?
|
-L-S area
-caudal thighs |
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What are DD for flea allergy derm?
|
1 - allergies (food, AD)
2 - chelymites CATS ALSO - superfical demodex and dermatophytes |
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Advantage |
Imidacloprid
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Frontline Plus |
Fipronyl and S - Methoprene
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Advantix |
Imidacloprid and 44% permethrin
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Promeris |
metaflumizone
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Sentinel and Program (oral) |
Lufenuron
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Capstar (oral) |
nitenpyram
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
comfortis |
spinosad
|
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What are the active ingredients in the following:
Nylar |
pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator)
|
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Which flea product does not address ticks?
|
Advantage
|
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Which flea products have repellant action?
|
Advantix
-permethrin is repellant |
|
Which flea product is good for ivermectin sensitive breeds esp and is good in cats?
Which ectoparasites does this product also work on? |
revolution
- Sarcoptes, Notedres, Cheyletiella, Otodectes |
|
Which flea preventative is not used in cats?
|
Advantix
Promeris - not recommended (dog product also has amitraz) |
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Advantix kills ticks. What other organism does it kill?
|
mosquitoes
|
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What type of lesions have been observed with promeris for dogs?
|
PF
|
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Which 4 flea products advertise to kill ticks?
|
1 - Frontline Plus
2 - Revolution 3 - Advantix 4 - Promeris |
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Which 3 flea prodcuts are larvicidal and adultacidal?
|
1 - advantage
2 - Advantix 3 - Revolution |
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Which 3 products only kills adults?
|
1 - Frontline plus
2 - capstar 3 - comfortis |
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Which product only kills larvae?
|
program
|
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How long does capstar work? How does it work?
Which oral product is longer lasting, and therefore is good if bathing the dog often? |
36 hours - binds to nicotinic Ach receptors
- comfortis |
|
What types of drugs are methoprene (ovitrol and frontline plus) and pyriproxyfen?
|
insect growth regulators
-can't go from pupae to adult |
|
What products would you want to use for environmetnal treatment? of fleas
Which has a greater residual affect? |
pyrethrin, permethrin (pyrethroids), pyriproxyfen (Nylar)
-pyrethroids (may be toxic for cats) - prolong Na channel |
|
What can you use to treat seondary infections due to fleas?
|
-topical corticosteroids (resicort with 1% hydrocortisone or genesis with 0.015% triamcinolone)
- short course of oral corticosteroids (pred) |
|
Where do demodex canis normally live?
|
hair follicles
|
|
What is the location of localized demodex?
|
face (periocular area and commisures of mouth) and forelegs - with puppies 3-6 months old
-usually resolves spontaneously (90%) |
|
When id generalized demodex most often diagnosed and is it usually pruritic?
|
2-5 years - starts at puppyhood
-no |
|
When is true adult-onset demodicosis normally occur?
What is it usually associated with (4) ? |
first problem older than 4 years
-malignant neoplasia -hypothyroidsims -hyperadrenocortism -chemo -only 50% of the time |
|
What are CS of generalized demodex (8) ?
|
1 - alopecia
2 - scaling 3 - comedones 4 - folliculitis/furunculosis 5 - hyperpigmentation 6 - lichenification 7 - lymphadenopathy 8 - secondary pyoderma (s. intermedius, pseudomonas, proteus) |
|
What are 3 methods for diagnosing demodex?
|
1 - skin scrape
2 - trichogram - mites on hair shaft 3 - skin biopsy |
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When would you use a skin biospy to diagnose demodex?
|
chronic
demodectic pododermatisis sharpeis |
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What is the treatment for localized, juvenile onset demodex?
|
90% resolve with no treatment so avoid parasitasides
- benzyoyl peroxide shampoo with recheck in 4 weeks |
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What are 4 drugs to use for generalized demodex?
|
1 - amitraz (mitaban dips - only licensed treatment at 250 ppm every 2 weeks)
2 - ivermectin 3 - doramectin 4 - milbemycin oxime |
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How long should you treat for demodex?
|
until 2 negative scraping 1 month apart
-recheck at 3 and 6 months and after 1 year |
|
How does amitraz work?
What patients should you use care with/not use it? |
-MAO inhibitor and alpha -2 adrenergic agonist
- so don't use in animals taking other MAO inhibitors or hypotensive drugs -also careful with DM pateints |
|
What are possible SE for amitraz?
|
sedation
-pruritis, weakness, ataxia, hyperglycemis, PU, hypothermia, bradycardia |
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How does ivermectin work?
SE What do you need to check first? |
gaba agonist - peripheral in mites
- toxic in puppies less than 3 months -mydriasis, hypersalivation, lethargy, ataxia, seizure, coma, death -check HW status |
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What are adjunctive therapies for ivermectin?
|
benzyoyl peroxide
-topical humidifying spray -cephalexin |
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If you are worried about treating an ivermectin sensitive breed, what should you test for?
|
MDR-1 gene mutation
|
|
What do the following infect?
Demodex cati demodex gatoi |
Demodex cati (follicular) - lives more superfically than D. canis and therefore easier to treat
demodex gatoi (stratum corneum) |
|
What is the distribution of female demodicosis?
|
-eyelids, periocular area, head, neck
|
|
What underlying diseases can be associated with feline demodicosis? (6)
|
1 - DM
2 - FeLV 3 - FIV 4 - SLE 5 - hyperadrenocortism 6 - hyperthyroidism |
|
What is the treatment for D. cati?
|
lime sulfur dips
oral ivermectin (lower doses) |
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With D. gatoi, in pruritic cats, are mites easy or hard to find?
|
hard
|
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What are differentials for D. gatoi?
|
1 - allergies (atopic dermatitis, food allergy)
2 - scabies 3 - flea bite hypersensitivity 4 - psycogenic alopecia |
|
Where does the female scabies mite burrow?
what is the distribution? |
thru the stratum corneum
-areas with little hair (ear margin, elbows, abdomen, hocks) |
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What animals does scabies cause disease in?
|
dogs, cats, foxes, humans
|
|
How long can scabies mites survive off the host?
|
50-59 --> 4 to 21 days
68-77 --> 2 to 6 days |
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What are 3 treatments for scabies?
|
* 3 applications 2 weeks apart
1 - Revolution 2 - Ivermectin *3 applications 1 week apart 3 - Milbemycin oxime (Interceptor) -also anti-seborrheic shampoos |
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What is the distribution of Notedres cati?
|
pinnae
face, eyelids, neck |
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Do you find a large number of Notedres mites on skin scrapings?
|
yes
|
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What are DD for notedres?
|
otodectes, cheyle mites, PF, allergies
|
|
What is the treatment for Notedres?
|
*3 applications 2 weeks apart
1 - Revolution 2 - Ivermectin 3 - Lime Sulfur Dips - weekly |
