521 - Pharmacology I - Effects of the Autonomic System (by organ) Flash Cards

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Title: 521 - Pharmacology I - Effects of the Autonomic System (by organ)
Description: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Effects on various effector organs as taught in Pharmacology I by Dr. Oaks at the University of Wisconsin, School of Pharmacy [Created by J.B. Clark IV]
Number of Cards: 83
Save Count: 4
Author: UW-Madison SOP
Created: 2012-01-17
Tags: buckypharmd pharmacology pharmacy
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Sympathetic Effect on Iris
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction of the radial muscle, resulting in dilation of the pupil (a.k.a. mydriasis)
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Iris
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to contraction of the sphincter muscle, resulting in constiction of the pupil (a.k.a. miosis)
    • Sympathetic Effect on Ciliary Muscle
    • Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation, and enhanced distance vision
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Ciliary Muscle
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to contraction for enhanced close vision
    • Sympathetic Effect on Lacrimal Glands
    • Activation of alpha receptors, leading to secretion
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Lacrimal Glands
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to secretion
    • Sympathetic Effect on Sinoatrial Node
    • Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to increased heart rate
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Sinoatrial Node
    • Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to decreased heart rate
    • Sympathetic Effect on Atria
    • Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to an increase in contractility and conduction velocity
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Atria
    • Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to a decrease in contractility and a shortened action potential
    • Sympathetic Effect on Atrioventricular Node
    • Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to an increase in automaticity and conduction velocity
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Atrioventricular Node
    • Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to a decrease in conduction velocity; AV block
    • Sympathetic Effect on His-Purkinje System
    • Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2) leads to an increase in automaticity and conduction velocity
    • Parasympathetic Effect on His-Purkinje System
    • Reported activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading, curiously, to "little effect"
    • Sympathetic Effect on Ventricle
    • Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to an increase in contractility, conduction velocity, automaticity, and rate of idioventricular pacemakers
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Ventricle
    • Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to a slight decrease in contractility
    • Sympathetic Effect on Coronary Arteries
    • Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation [Dilation predominates in situ owing to metabolic autoregulatory mechanisms]
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Coronary Arteries
    • No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.
    • Sympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of the Skin and Mucosa
    • Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors, leading to constriction
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of the Skin and Mucosa
    • No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.
    • Sympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of Skeletal Muscle
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation At the usual concentration range of physiologically-released, circulating EPI, the vasodilation response predominates
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of Skeletal Muscle
    • Dilation (?) [Whatever that means!]
    • Sympathetic Effect on Cerebral Arteries & Arterioles
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to slight constriction
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Cerebral Arteries & Arterioles
    • No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.
    • Sympathetic Effect on Pulmonary Arteries & Arterioles
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to dilation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Pulmonary Arteries & Arterioles
    • No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.
    • Sympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Abdominal Visera
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Abdominal Visera
    • No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.
    • Sympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Salivary Glands
    • Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors, leading to constriction
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Salivary Glands
    • Activation of M3 receptors, leading to dilation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Renal Arteries & Arterioles
    • Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta 1 & 2 receptors leads to dilation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Renal Arteries & Arterioles
    • No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.
    • Sympathetic Effect on Veins
    • Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Endothelium
    • Activation of NO synthase, via M3 receptors that are not innervated, but respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Trachel & Bronchial Smooth Muscle
    • Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Trachel & Bronchial Smooth Muscle
    • Relatively equal activation of M2 & M3 receptors, leading to smooth muscle contraction
    • Sympathetic Effect on Bronchial Glands
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to decreased secretion Activation of beta2 receptors leads to increased secretion
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Bronchial Glands
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to stimulation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Stomach Motility & Tone
    • Activation of alpha1, alpha2, beta1, & beta2 receptors, leading (usually) to a decrease in stomach motility & tone
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Stomach Motility & Tone
    • Relatively equal activation of M2 & M3 receptors, leading to an increase in stomach motility & tone
    • Sympathetic Effect on Stomach Sphincters
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading (usually) to contraction
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Stomach Sphincters
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading (usually) to relaxation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Stomach Secretion
    • Activation of alpha2 receptors, leading to inhibition
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Stomach Secretion
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to stimulation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Intestine Motility & Tone
    • Activation of alpha1, alpha2, beta1, & beta2 receptors, leading to a decrease in intestine motility & tone
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Intestine Motility & Tone
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to an increase in intestine motility & tone
    • Sympathetic Effect on Intestine Sphincters
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Intestine Sphincters
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading (usually) to relaxation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Intestine Secretion
    • Activation of alpha2 receptors, leading to inhibition
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Intestine Secretion
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to stimulation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Gallbladder & Ducts
    • Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Gallbladder & Ducts
    • Activation of muscarinic receptors, leading to contraction
    • Sympathetic Effect on Kidney Renin Secretion
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to decreased kidney renin secretion Activation of beta1 receptors leads to increased kidney renin secretion
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Kidney Renin Secretion
    • None; no innervation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Detrusor Muscle
    • Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Detrusor Muscle
    • Activation of M3 receptors (to a greater extent than M2), leading to contraction
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Trigone and the Sphincter of the Urinary Bladder
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction
    • Parasympathetic Effect on the Trigone and the Sphincter of the Urinary Bladder
    • Activation of M3 receptors (to a greater extent than M2), leading to relaxation
    • Sympathetic Effect on Motility & Tone of the Ureter
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to an increase in the motility & tone of the ureter
    • Parasympathetic Effect on the Motility & Tone of the Ureter
    • Activation of muscarinic receptors, leading to a "increase(?)" [Whatever that means!]
    • Sympathetic Effects on Uterus
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, in a pregnant lady, leads to contraction Activation of beta2 receptors, leads to relaxation in both pregnant and non-pregnant ladies
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Uterus
    • Activation of muscarinic receptors, leading to a response that varies depending on the stage of the menstral cycle, the amount of circulating estrogen and progesterone, and other factors
    • Sympathetic Effect on Penis
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to ejaculation
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Penis
    • Activation of M3 receptors, leading to erection
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Pilomotor Muscle of the Skin
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Sweat Glands of the Skin
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to "adrenergic sweating" at the palms & some other sites Activation of M3 & M2 receptors leads to generalized secretions
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Spleen Capsule
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to contraction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to relaxation
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Adrenal Medulla
    • Activation of neuronal-type nicotinic receptors of the heteromeric (alpha3)2 (beta4)3 subtype combinaiton leads to secretion of EPI and NE Muscarinic receptors are reported to play a secondary role
    • Sympathetic Effect on Skeletal Muscle
    • Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to increased contractility, glycogenolysis, & potassium ion uptake
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Liver
    • Activation of alpha1 & beta2 receptors leads to glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis
    • Sympathetic Effect on Pancreatic Acini
    • Activation of alpha receptors, leading to decreased secretion
    • Parasympathetic Effect on Pancreatic Acini
    • Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to secretion
    • Sympathetic Effect on the Beta Cells of the Islets of Langerhans
    • Activation of alpha2 receptors leads to decreased secretion Activation of beta2 receptors leads to increased secretions
    • Sympathetic Effect on Fat Cells
    • Activation of alpha1, beta1, beta2, & beta3 receptors leads to lipolysis (a.k.a. thermogenesis) Activation of alpha2 receptors leads to inhibition of lipolysis
    • Sympathetic Effect on Salivary Glands
    • Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to secretion of potassium ions and water