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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 causes of raised ICP with a brain tumour?
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- Tumour itself
- Cerebral oedema (particularly vasogenic i.e. breakdown of BBB) - Tumour blocks CSF flow: hydrocephalus |
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How is a brain tumour diagnosed?
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- CT can miss some tumours
- MRI + contrast to leak through the leaky BBB (if -ve, not a tumour!) - PET to destinguish b/w low and high grade - Dx must be confirmed by histology |
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What tumour am I?
- Young Adults - 1st symptom often a seizure - MRI: non-enhancing mass - Median survival 7 yrs |
Low grade astrocytoma
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What tumour am I?
- Commonest astrocytoma in 50-70 yr olds - MRI: irregular ring-like contrast enhancement - Microscopy: necrosis with palisading of cells, vascular proliferation - Almost never metasticise outside the head - Median survival 1 year |
Glioblastoma multiforme
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What tumour am I?
- 20% of glial tumours - Imaging looks like astrocytoma - Microscopy: fried-egg appearance - Median survival 16 years (most eventually progress to malignancy) |
Oligodendroglioma
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What tumour am I?
- Arise from arachnoid cells - Majority are asymptomatic - If symptomatic, hemispheric (seizures, hemiparesis) or cranial neuropathies (skull base) - Microscopy: whorls or cells - Slow growing - MRI: attached to dura, contrast enhancement |
Meningioma
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What tumour am I?
- Arise from Schwann cells - Common site: angle b/w cerebellum and pons (tinnitus, hearing difficulties, abnormal facial sensation - MRI: well defined mass - Microscopy: spindle shaped cells with lining up of nuclei |
Schwannoma
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What are common sources of metastatic brain tumours?
What do they look like? |
Lung, breast, melanoma
Cannon-ball appearance |
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What cranial structures are sensitive to pain?
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- Skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, extracranial arteries, periosteum
- Eye, ear, nasal cavities and sinuses - Venous sinuses & large tributaries - Parts of the dura at the base of the brian - Arteries within the dura and pia-arachnoid - Middle meningeal and superficial temporal arteries - II, III, V, IX, X and first 3 cervical nerves |
