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19 Cards in this Set

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high water content in cartilage
allows compression & recoil
cartilage matrix
chondroitin SO4 + proteins = proteoglycans
cartilage anti-angiogenesis factor
prevents blood vessel formation = avascular
outer layer cartilage covering
dense irregular CTx. covers & structure
inner cellular layer cartilage
feeds chondrocytes by diffusion
2 types of cartilage growth
interstitial growth, appositional growth
interstitial growth
expands from within when chondrocytes make new matrix, important in embryonic development & adolescences, not in adults
appositional growth
growth at external surface in perichondrium, excess growth hormone, surface damage, severe damage= fibrous patch, size increase @ outer surface

fibroblasts> chondroblasts> chondrocytes
3 types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
hyaline (colour, frequency, chondrocytes, fibers, fx)
glass, abundant, chondrocytes spherical in lacunae& extracellular matrix w/ fibers, collagen, reduces friction
hyaline locations
movable joints: articular
thoracic cage: costal
respiratory tract: larynx, passageways
nose: internal support
elastic (colour, frequency, chondrocytes, fibers, fx)
yellow, rare, chondrocytes vary, collagen & elastic, support, can distort & return
elastic locations
external ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, cuneiform cartilage of larynx
fibrocartilage (chondrocytes, fibers, fx)
chondrocytes alternating rows w/ fiber packs, thick dense collagen, resist compression, absorbs shock, prevents bone - bone damage
fibrocartilage location
knee meniscus, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
minerals in skeleton
calcium (muscle contractions, nerve impulse conduction, blood clotting, membrane transport, enzyme co-factors)
phosphate (ATP, enzyme activation, dna)
lipids (yellow bone marrow, energy)
haematopoiesis
in red bone marrow, forms RBC & WBC
skeleton helps movement
design of articulations (joints) determine movement, levers for skeletal muscle
3 ways to classify bones
location (axial vs. appendicular) , shape (varies w/ fx) , surface markings