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48 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Measurement equivalents
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12in = 1ft, 36in = 3ft = 1yd, 63360in = 5280ft = 1 mile;
16oz = 1lb; 8oz =1 c 2c = 1qt , 4qt = 1gl = 8c |
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temperature scale
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Fahrenheit-F- used in USA
Celsius-C - used in most other parts of the world 32F=0C |
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Graduated cylinder
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used to mix things, observe them & measure them
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Magnifying lens
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used to see the individual components in something such as soil; you can see small things bettter
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Evidence vs Opinion
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Evidence is facts that are true & can be proven such as the composition of soil; Opinion is a belief a person has such as the belief that only adding nutrients will fix the soil
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What happened in the Dust Bowl?
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1930; farmers got rid of native plants to make room for crops, soil lost nutrients, no rain had drought; plants died, winds blew away soil; Farmers lost crops & had to move
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What lessons did futre farmers learn from the Dust Bowl? We use them now to help conserve soil.
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New methods of farming: contour plowing, wind breaks, crop rotation, native plants
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What are the types of soil?
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Sand
Silt Clay |
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Soil Profile or layers
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Top Soil (plants grow here)
Subsoil Parent Material Bedrock |
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Most commow soil in florida
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Forest soil
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How do you find the streak of a mineral?
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shows the color of a mineral by rubbing on a white ceramic plate
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How do you classify a rock's luster?
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brilliant, glassy, dull
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Name the 3 basic forms of rocks & how they are made.
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Igneous - forms from cooling magma
Sedimentary - sediments that settle on top of each other, after time & pressure, they harden Metamorphic - rocks changed by heat &/or pressure |
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Rocks are made of _______.
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Minerals and other particles
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Describe how the rock cycle works
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Sediment or cooling lava, through time & pressure, harden & become rocks. More time & pressure may change these into different types of rock.
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How do you determine the hardness of a rock?
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You do a scratch test and then do a hardness test & look at the Moh's scale
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What are the different ways to identify minerals?
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Color, streak, transparency, reaction with acid, hardness, light refraction
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Is color a good indicator of what a mineral is? Why?
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Color is not a good indicator because many minerals have the same color
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Is mined or manufactured diamonds better? What's the difference betwwen manufactured & cubic zirconia?
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Manufactured are better because it won't break & are less expensive; Cubic Zirconia are not actually diamonds. Manufactured are
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Know when we call molten rock magma and when we call it lava
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Magma is hot melted rock within the Earth's layers; lave is when the magma has reached the surface
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How are rocks & minerals used in real life?
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jewelry, make-up, medicines & vitamins,
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What determines how big a rock's crystals will grow?
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?????
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What are differences among active, dormant, and extinct volcanos?
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Active-volcano that still erupts & shows signs that it may
Dormant - volcano that shows no signs of erupting & hasn't in a very long time Extinct - an area that shows signs of having a volcano once (igneous rock) but it is no longer there |
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What are the layers of the Earth and are they liquid or solid?
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Crust - solid
Mantle - solid Outer Core - solid Inner Core - liquid |
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What is the lithosphere?
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The are made up of the upper mantle and the crust. This is the area has plates that move causing earthquakes, etc
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What are the 3 basic types of volcanoes & what are their properties?
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Composite - more explosive because of gassy magma, made of lava & ash
Cinder Cone - Most common, shoots lava & ash high into air, when it comes down, it forms a cone. Shield - usually broad, less gassy volcano ?? |
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In what geological time do we live?
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Cenozoic
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When were dinosaurs living on Earth?
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Mesozoic - 245 million years ago
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What type of scientists studies fossils?
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Paleontologist
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What is Pangea?
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The idea that millions of years ago the continents were connected making 1 large land area
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Who is Alfred Wegner?
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Scientist to come up with idea of Pangea and continental drift (continents drifting apart slowly)
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Why would there be more damage in an earthquake on the New Madrid fault thanone which occurs on the San Andreas fault?
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The San Andreas are is better prepared for an earthquake because there are many in that area. The New Madrid area's building and raods aren't built foe eathquakes too much & people aren't so sure of what to do.
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Tips for earthquake safety on the home
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Have a safety plan, have a clean supply source, safe spot in house where nothing can fall on you, stay inside unitl it's safe
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Know how to read a seismogram, and use a nomogram.
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????
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What are the different types of plate boundaries, and what happens at each?
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Divergent - Plates are spreading apart
Convergent - Plates pushing together Subduction - one plate goes below the other Transformm - plates slipping past each other |
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Why do the earth's crustal plates move?
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The rotation of the Earth causes the continents to shift a little each year
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How do sun dials (or sun sticks) work?
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Take one outside at different times to see the length & width of the shadow. this can tell you what time of day it is. In the am it's langer then on pm
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Why do we have day and night each 24 hour period? Why is it 24 hours?
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The Earth takes 23.56 hours to rotate on its axis 1 time. When our part of the Earth faces the sun it is daylight while the other part is night.
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If you were to go to another planet, why would it be important to pick a planet with similar day/night length?
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So that our bodies can adapt quickly to the new planet. Also so that food we eat to ours has a similar growth cycle
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What causes the seasons?
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The Earth revolves around the Sun. In our hemisphere, it is summer when Earth tilts toward the Sun on its axis. Its winter when it tilts away. The other hemisphere is the opposite.
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Why does the moon have phases?
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It takes 29.3 days for the moon to completely revolve around the Earth. The phases are caused by where the moon is in relation to the Earth & Sun as it revolves
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How many degrees is the tilt of the Earth?
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32.5 degrees
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About how long does one cycle of the Moon's phases last?
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29.3 days
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If the Earth was not tilted on its axis, what would be different?
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The temperature, number of daylight hours & seasons would change.
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Why were time zones developed?
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So that the number of daylight hours would be the same & let people take advantage of daylight
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What is the difference in rotation and revolution?
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The Earth rotates on its axis, the Earth revolves aroung the Sun.
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How are the Sun's angle in the sky and the length of daylight hours related?
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???
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How are seasons different in the Southern hemisphere
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??
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