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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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reference type
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pointer on stack, data on heap
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garbage collection
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removes unreference objects
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how to trigger garbage collection?
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GC.Collect
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type of apps garbage collection optimized for?
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mostly short-lived objects, except root objects
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copying reference types
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copies the pointer
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three common ref types
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String, StringBuilder, Array
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what's special about a string?
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it's immutable
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how do you avoid creating too many temporary strings when adding to a string
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use Concat, Join, or Format or use StringBuilder
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String.Concat
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concatenates array of string parameters
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String.Join
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inserts join character between string parameters
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String.Format
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uses a C style formating
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StringBuilder
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mutable strings
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StringBuilder memory management
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starts with 16byte, grows as needed
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String +
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concatenates
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String =
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creates a new string and copies
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string == !=
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compares the content of string
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how do you declare array
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square braces: int[]
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how do you sort an array
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Array .Sort ( theArray ) ;
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stream
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means to read/write to disk or network
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namespace for task-specific streams
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IO .Stream
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namespace for network streams
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Network .Sockets
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namespace for encrypted streams
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Security .Cryptography
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what classes can you use to read/write to file
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StreamReader, StreamWriter
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how do you tell StreamReader or StreamWriter what file to work with
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pass file name to constructor
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what must you do to a stream after your done with it
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Close, so it releases its lock on the resource
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exception
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event interrupting normal execution
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what must you do with exceptions
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catch them so application doesn't stop completely
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what do .Net exceptions derive from?
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SystemException
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how do you define your own exception
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extend ApplicationException
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why would you want multiple exception classes?
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to respond to different events differently
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how does runtime decide which catch clause to execute in a series of catch clauses
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first matching is executed only
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"filtering exceptions"
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ordering from most to least specific
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finally
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executes after try or catch
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why use finally
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clean up/close open objects
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rule of thumb for try/catch clauses
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must enclose all code except declarations
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what happens to exceptions that have no catch clause associated with them
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passed to caller, if still unhandled stop application
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Exception.Message
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text describing exception
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Exception.StackTrace
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includes file and line number causing exception
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what should you do with Exception.StackTrace
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log it to log file
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