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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the cell theory state?
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The cell theory states that:
-all living things are made up of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism -new cells are produced from existing cells |
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What are the levels of cellular organization?
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1)cell
2)tissue 3)organ 4)organ system 5) organism |
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What is the cell wall and what does it do?
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outer layer in plant cell.
supports and protects. |
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What is the cell membrane and what does it do?
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on an animal and plant cell. it regulates what enters and leaves the cell. supports and protects.
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What is the nucleus of a cell and what does it do?
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controls most of the cell processes and contains the DNA.
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What is cytoplasm?
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semi-liquid material that fills the cell
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What is Mitochondria?
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converts chemical energy that is in food into ATP. resperation occours here.
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What is chloroplast?
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only in plants!
turns energy from the sun into chemical energy for food. (aka photosynthesis occours in the chloroplast) |
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What is the Golgi Aparatus?
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modifies, sorts and packages protiens ane other materials for endoplasmic reticulm for storage in the cell or secretion out of the cell.
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What is Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
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the site where lipids are assembled and along with protiens and other materials are exported out of the cell.
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What is a Lysosome?
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digests lipids, carbs, and protiens into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in the breaking down of organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
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What are some characteristics of a Prokaryotic cell?
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-no nucleus
-big ribosomes -smaller of the two -only bacteria -simple -very small organelles |
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What are some characteristice of a Eukatyotic cell?
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-has a nucleus
-large ribosomes -larger of the two -protists, fungi, plants, animals -comples -small organelles |
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What do marker protiens do?
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detects foregin types of protien
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What do receptor protiens do?
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recieve the messages from the cell
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What do channel protiens do?
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used to move larger molecules into the cell.
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What does the lipid bi-layer do?
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delines the cell boundary and regulates what go in and out.
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What do all cells need to survive?
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water & nutirents
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What is diffusion (aka passive transport)?
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-requires no energy
-moves from high to low concentration -moves with the concentration gradient |
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What is osmosis?
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diffusion of water throught the cell membrane
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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when the molecules are helped through the membrane (with channel protiens)
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Why does osmosis occur?
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to maintain equilibrium.
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What is active transport?
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-requires energy
-low to high concentration -against concentraion gradient |
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What is endocytosis?
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cells bringing in large particles with membrane
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What is exocytosis?
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cells lettion out large particles with cell memebrane
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What is phagocytosis?
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food taken in
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What is pinocytosis?
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liquid taken in
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What plasmolysis?
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cell water loss (may be harmful)
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What is a solvent?
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the substance that the solute is dissolved into.
ex: saltwater ( water is the solvent to salt ) |
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Wat is a solute?
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the thing that is dissolved into the solvent.
ex: saltwater ( salt is the solute for the water) |
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In order to make a solution the number of mL of water and grams of solute should add up to _______.
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100
ex: to make a 20% salt solution, mix 80 mL of water with 20 grams of salt. |
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In multicellullar organisms how is growth accomplished?
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by cell division.
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What is cell division?
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occours when cells have reached a size large enough to ensure that the daughter cells will have all of the necessary materials and structures for survival.
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how is the rate of exchange of materials entering and leaving the cell determined?
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by the cell's surface area.
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what kinds of factors cal keep a cell from dividing?
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-reduction of food
-change in temperature |
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Frue or False: cells can never get too large.
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False. If cells get too large they will die.
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