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160 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the Five Pillars of Islam
the major duties reuired of all muslims
Three examples of the five pillars are...
faith, prayer, and fasting
Why was the Hijrah important?
Muhammad was accepted as the political leader in Medina
Why did the Mulsim way of praying lead to advances in astronomy?
Muslims wanted to know the precise direction of Mecca, toward which they pray.
What system of laws regulates the family life, moral conduct, and buisness and community lives of Muslims?
Shari'a
Why weas Baghdad's House of Wisdom significant?
People translated scientific and philosophical texts into Arabic
Why did portraiture not advance in the Muslim Empire?
They were not permitted to depict humans in their paintings.
How were conquered people treated in the Muslim Empire?
Theiur religions were tolerated, but restricitons and taxes were imposed upon non-Muslims
What is the best model for Muslim living?
The Sunna- the exxample of Muhammad
What did the Sufis do?
They led a life of poverty and devotion to their faith.
How did Muslim scholars help preserve European culture?
By translating works of great philosphers and thinkers such as Aristotle and Plato into Arabic.
What contributed to the popularity of calipgraphy?
Muslims were not allowed to draw human beings.
What is the difference between the Sunna and Shi'a branches of Islam?
Shi'a believed that the caliph needed to be directly descended from Muhammad.
What led to internal conflict after the death of Muhammad?
Muhammad had not chosen a successor.
Why did Shah Jahan order the builiding of the Taj Mahal?
In memory of his wife
How did Timur the Lame's military activites affect the growht of the Ottoman empire?
They interrupted its growth.
Who ruled India for Jahangir?
Nur Jahan
What Language, meaning 'from the soldier's camp", was an exmaple of cultural blending during the Mughal Empire?
Urdu
Which Mughal Ruler was most like Shah Abbas in his views on cultural blending?
Aurangzeb
How were the Ghazis and janissaries similar?
They were both warriors.
The Enlightenment Section...
has now begun
The helio-centric, or sun-centered universe, was proposed by
Nicolaus Copernicus
Francis Bacon helped to develop...
the scientific method.
Isaac newton expanded the...
law of universal gravitation.
In general, the philosphers believd in all of the following ideas except....
expansion of women's rights.
The idead of direct democracy is explained in the book....
The Social Contract
European art in the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style called....
Baroque.
The philosophers innfluenced Catherine the Great's...
proposal on the reform on Russian laws.
True or False:
Neoclassical art tended to be ornate, highly decorative, and rich in color.
False: This description is of barouqe.

Neoclassical art was simple and elegant.
In which ways did Montesquieau influence the Constitution of the USA?
He proposed a system of checks and balances.
In what ways did Voltaire influence Frederick II?
...by supporting freedom of worship and speech.
What was the universal law of gravitation?
All physical objects are affected equally by the same forces.
The Enlightenment promoted....
a belief in progress, a more secular outlook, and a general faith in science.
What did Andreas Vesalius and Voltair both do?
Challenge preexisting ideas.
How did Janssen make Anton von Leewenhoek's discoveries possible?
He invented the first microscope.
In the 1700s, which of the following showed influence of Englightenment ideas.

a child having a smallpox vaccination

a woman reading a novel

a man attending a salon
all the above
What French collection of journals and ideas did the censors of the Catholic church ban?
the Encyclopedia.
The scientific revolution caused...
the improvements in medicine and scientific instruments.
Who said, "I do not agree with a word you say, but i will defend to the death your right to say it!"
Voltaire
Who said, " In order to obtain liberty, it is necessary that the powers of government be separated."
Montesquieu
"Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains."
Rousseau
The Almohads and the Almoravids were alike in mnay ways, but what was one characteristic that was true only of the Almohads?

they unified the Maghrib

They were Muslim reformers

they were Berber peoples

They made Marrakech their capital
They unified the Maghrib
What concept was the belief in divine right used to support?
absolute rule without question.
Which war was sparked by religious conflict and rsulted in the increased power in France, the weakening of Spain and Austria, and the devastation of Germany?
The Thirty Years War.
Who inherited the throne only after Charles VI had the other Europena powers sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir?
Maria Theresa
What was the main cause of the eight civil wars fought in france between 1562 and 1598?
Religious differences.
What kingbecame France's most powerful ruler and boasted "I am the state."
Louis XIV (fourteenth)
Why did peter the Great build the city of St. petersburg?
He wanted to build a city that rivaled the European cities he had visited.
After the Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United provinces of the Netherlands establish?
They established a republic.
What was the edict of nantes?
brought an end to the violent religious conflicts in France.
Known as the sun king
Louis XIV
Pilosopher who said, "I doubt, therfore I think, therfore I am."
Rene Descartes
The palace built for Louis XIV
Versailles
a protestant who became a Catholic king
Henry VI
Governemnt agents who collected taxes and administered Justice
intendants
the conflict that made France the most powerful country in Europe
Thrity Years War
fought against Catholics in French civil wars
Huguenots
ceremonial waking of the king
levee
guarenteed religious freedom for Huguenots
Edict of Nantes
policies of French mercantalism allowed French economy to flourish.
Jean Baptiste Colbert
In general, where were Muslim theocracies in Africa established?
North Africa
Potlatch
ceremony used by peoples of Northwest america as a way to display personal wealth.
Pueblos
dwellings of the Anasazi tribe
Mayans based their calendar on observations of...
the planets, sun, and moon.
Codex
bark paper book that the Mayans wrote on
In 1428, the aztecs joined with two other major city-states; Texcoco and Tlacopan, to form
The Triple Alliance
Conquered provinces of the Aztec resented their rule becuase...
the Aztec used conquered people for human sacrifice to their gods.
Inca empire expanded quickly under the leadership of...
Pachacuti.
The Hopewell and the Mississippi peoples were similar in what ways?
They were both mound builders.
In what regions did five tribes come together to create the alliance known as the Iriquois League?
The Eastern Woodlands.
Which of the Following was a major city of the Mayan people?

Cahokia

Tenochtitlan

Cuzco

Tikal
Tikal
using glyphs, the Mayas were able to do what?
record historic events, create calendars, and pass stories from generation to generation.
What led to the development of the Mayan calendar?
farming.
The incan sytem of governemnt was similar to...
socialism.
In what way were the early Northern American and Mayan Peoples similar?
Both had very extensive trade sytems and links.
Tikal was...
an important Mayan city.
An early Mayan would have used a codex to...
keep track of importnat historical events.
The Popol Vuh is the Mayan story of...
the creation of the world.
Pachacuti stands out in Incan history as...
ruler who expanded Inca from a kingdom to an empire.
In incan tradition, the allyu was...
the "small-group" structure used for work on community projects.
tHE iNCA USED THE QUIPU to...
carry messages and record data.
Which two continents did Beringia once connect?
Asia and North America
Which crop was most importnat to the survival of the early Americans?
Maize.
This tribe carved giant heads out of stone.
Olmec
How were the Nazca able to farm the ground they lived on?
They created intricate irrigation systems and underground canals.
Largest Mayan City
Tikal
Incan Language
Quechua
Aztec Capital
Tenochtitlan
Sapa inca
Pachacuti
Aztec Sun God
Huitziloptchi
Chinampa
floating garden in Aztec capital
cenote
undergorund system of Mayan caves and caverns that was believed to lead to the underworld.
Chasquis
messengers of the Inca who carried data and messages on the QUIPU
Pok a Tok
ball game between prisoners of Aztec.. to the death.
T or F:

Aztecs were governed by a theocracy
False
This empire had a social welfare state and cared for the well being of all their people
The Inca
Feathered Serpent God
Queztacoatl
Who "discovered" Machu Pichu?
Hiram Bingham
Tribe that sacrificed 15 year old virgins at the tops of volcanoes...
Incas
What was the Cheif Goal of the Crusades?
to recover Jerusalem and the Holy land from the Muslim Turks
What problem was identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages?

Village priests married and had families against church law

Bishops sold positions in the Church for money

Kings, rather than Church leaders, appointed Bishops
All the above
What is a guild?
an association of people who worked at the same occupation.
What did the Magna Carta guarentee?
basic legal rights
What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?
parliament.
During the later Middle Ages, where were serfs most likely to find freedom?
towns or cities. (no lords & nobles/ fiefdom)
What was the central issue of the Hundred Years War?
the throne of France.
What was the purpose of the Reconquista?
to drive the muslims out of Spain
T or F

Guilds borrowed and loaned money.
false
Whose rights did the Magna Carta originally intend to defend?
the English nobility.
What did the decisions of the English royal courts of justice create?
the English Common Law
How did the Battle of Hastings change the course of English History?
the Normans took control of England
What were John Wycliffe's main complaints about the Church?
use of Latin instead of the vernacular and excessive Chruch wealth.
What was the most important effect of the Hundred Years War?
It caused the develpoment of the national identities of France and England.
What triat did not characterize Gothic arhcitecture?

sculpture

rounded arches

stained glass windows

high vaulted ceilings
Rounded Arches
What was one negative effect of the Crusades that has continued to the present?
Mulsim hostility towards Christians.
What is the term for the language spoken in a particular place?
vernacular
What issue led to both the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament?
how to end taxation without representation
In english Palriament, what does the phrase, "power of the purse" refer to?
Parliamnet's control over spending money
Richard the Lion Hearted
English King who led the Third Crusade
style of architecture intended to acheive greater light and height
Romanesque style
the most famous and respected Muslim leader of the crusades...
Saladin
The Sagel is a "coastline" of what geogrphic feature?
Saharra
Where are africa's rain forests located?
In the Western central region
What was Africa's earliest known culture?
Nok
What is the main belief of the followers of animism?
Spirits play an important role in regulating daily life.
Why is the city of Djenne - Djeno famous?
it is the oldest city in Africa south of the Saharra.
What is one way that historians can trace patterns of migration?
through the pattern of languages spoken.
Why did thr Askumite Chruch split from the other churches in A.D. 51?
They did not believe that Jesus could be both human and divine.
What is emphasized by the age-set system?
the duties and roles associated with varying ages.
Who was Mali's first great leader?
Sundiatta
How di the rulers of Gana become rich?
by taxing goods traders carried through their territory.
What did Portugal's initial interest in Africa mostly seem to concern?
trade
The Swahili language developed from a mixture of which languages?
Arabic and Bantu languages.
The city state of Kilwa becmae an importnat trading center mainly because of its location in relation to...
India and Southern Africa
What does it mean if a society is matrilinneal?
the children trace their ancestry through their mothers.
Why did the African trade routes shift to the east several times?
Gold deposits were found further east
Why did Kilwa seize the port of Sofala?
to control the overseas gold trade from southern Africa.
In the stateless societies of Africa, how were conflicts most commonly settled?
Through discussion and negotiation.
Why did the Hausa city-states never build an empire?
There was frequnet fighting amongst the city states.
The Christian leader whose troops defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours
Charles Martel
T or F

Germanic tribes used a variety of written languages
False
The Treaty of verdun resulted in...
the division of Charlemagne's empire into three parts.
The bargian made between a lord and a vassal was...
Lord granted vassal land in exchange for Military services.
Pope gregpry VII and the German emperor Henry IV fought over ther issue of...
secular appointment of bishops.
This leader brought Christianity to the Franks.
Clovis
_____________ wrote a boo of rules to be used for governing monasteries.
Einhard.
The person who was chiefly responisble for the Chruch's secular role during the Middle Ages was...
Gregory I
The Fuedal Contract was an arrangement by which...
a lord and a vassal both agreed to certain obligations.
The treaty of Verdun ended...
the civil war's in Charlemagne's empire.
Which of the following were Turkish nomads?

Franks

Vikings

Magyars

Lombards
Magyards
What wa the ethnic background of the Vikings?
Germanic
Which of the following groups was called the Northmen?

Vikings

Magyars

Lombards

Franks
Vikings
A tithe was a payment made to which type of person?
a priest
In a fuedal system, what was a manor?
a lord's estate
Troubadors were....
poet-musicians
During the Middle Ages, the lowest ranking members of the clergy were...
priests
In 1100, the Holy Roman Empire covered most of...
What is present day Germany
This king was famous for his red beard and was nicknamed Barabossa
Frederick I
Canon law deals with issues under the authority of...
the Church
What was lay investiture?
was the appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals