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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abiotic Factor
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Nonliving factors that affect the organisms
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Biotic Factor
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Living factors that affect the organism.
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Acclimation
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Process for tolerance to abiotic factors
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Biosphere
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The volume of Earth and it's atmosphere that supports all life
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Community
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All the living organisms living in an area
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Conformers
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Organisms that do not regulate the internal conditions
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Dormancy
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State of reduced activity
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Ecology
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Study of the interactions of organism with each other and the with the nonliving parts of the Earth
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Ecosystem
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Includes all the organisms and nonliving environment found in a particular place
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Niche
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Way of life.
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Dispersion
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Spatial distribution of individuals within the population
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Emigration
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Movement of individuals out of population
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Exponential growth
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A pattern of increase in number due to a steady growth rate.
Birth Rate - Death Rate = Growth Rate |
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Immigration
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Movement of individuals into population
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Limiting factor
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Any factor that restrains the growth of a population. Ex-Space
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Logistic growth
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Accounts for the influence of limiting factors. When a population size is at its carrying capacity, the birth rate equals the death rate and growth stops.
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Population density
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Measures how crowded a population is.
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Interdependence
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Interaction w/ living and non living portion of the environment
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Levels of Organization
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B: biosphere
E: ecosystem C: community P: population O: organism |
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Abiotic factor examples
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Temperature, humidity, pH, salinity, oxygen, concentration, precipitation
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Regulators
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Use energy to control some of their internal conditions
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Trophic Level
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Indicates the organism's position in a sequence of energy transfers
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2 main steps in carbon cycle
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Nitrogen Fixation
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Process of converting N(2) gas into nitrate
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Ammonification
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Nitrogen is again made available to other organisms
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Denitrification
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Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere
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Phosphorus Cycle
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Movement of Phosphorus from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.
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Phosphorus Movement
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From Phosphate deposited in rock, to the soil, to living organisms, and finally to the ocean.
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Commensalism
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One organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed
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Competition
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Species competing for the same resources.
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Competitive Exclusion
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One species is eliminated from a community because of competition over a limited same resource
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Host
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Organism harmed in parasitism
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Mutualism
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Relationship in which both organisms deprive some benefit
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Pioneer Species
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Species that would go to uncolonized lands and colonize it
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Species Diversity
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A measure of of biodiversity
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Symbiosis
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Close, long term relation between 2 organisms
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Aphotic Zone
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In ocean where sunlight cannot penetrate and photosynthesis cannot occur
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Benthic Zone
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Ocean bottom
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Biome
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Very Large climatic regions that contain a # of smaller but related ecosystems within them.
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Chemosynthesis
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Using energy stored in inorganic molecules to produce carbohydrates
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Coral Reef
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Sensitive part of the ocean
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Desert
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Areas that receive an average of less than 35 cm rainfall per year
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Epiphyte
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Small plants which grow on tall trees.
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Estuary
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Occurs where freshwater rivers and streams flow into the sea
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Eutotrophic
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Meaning to be rich in vegetation in organic matter
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Intertidal Zone
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Area of shoreline where tides end.
Organisms must be able to tolerate drying and pounding by waves. |
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Neritic Zone
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Receives nutrients from bottom of the ocean form land. Ocean's richest zone in number of species and individuals.
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Oceanic Zone
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Deep water of open sea. Production there is limited by a shortage of nutrients.
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Permafrost
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Permanently frozen layer of soil under the surface; tundra
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Photic Zone
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Part of oceans which receives sunlight
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Savanna
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Tropical grasslands with alternating wet and dry season.
Dominated by herds of grazing animals. |
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Taiga
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Cold but is warmer than tundra and recieves more percipitation.
Dominated by coniferous trees. |
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Temperate Deciduous Forests
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Trees that lose all their leaves in fall and regrow them in spring
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Temperate Grassland
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Form interior of continents.
Occur in areas with cold winters and hot summers. Dominated by grasses and herds of grazing animals. |
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Tundra
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Cold and largely treeless biome; permafrost under the surface of the ground.
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Biodiversity
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Refers to variety of forms of life in an area
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Biosphere
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Part of earth where life exists
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chlorofluorocarbons
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Most important human-made chemicals which contributes to destruction of ozone layer
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Genetic Diversity
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Amount of variation in the genetic material within all members of a population.
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Geosphere
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Earth's rock interior that extends from the molten center of the planet's care to the solid surface of its crust.
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Hydrosphere
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Part of earth that is water
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Atmosphere
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Mixture of gases that surround Earth
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Ozone layer
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Region where concentration of ozone is at the highest. Protects Earth.
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Greenhouse Effect
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Atmosphere's ability to trap heat
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3 population properties
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Size, population density and dispersion.
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3 types of dispersion:
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Clumped, uniformed and random
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Factors that affect Species Richness:
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•Latitude (closer to the equator, the more species)
•Habitat size (larger areas contain more species than smaller areas; species-area effect) •Species interactions •Community stability (disturbances) |
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Tropical Rain Forest
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Abundance of rainfall
Stable temperatures Greatest species richness compared to all other biomes |
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Biomass
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Organic matter that has been produced in an ecosystem.
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Transpiration
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Movement of water through plants and animals.
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Why is nitrogen need?
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Proteins
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Why is phosphorus need?
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DNA, ATP, Phopholipids, and bones
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