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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Winters formula
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PCO2=[1.5XHCO3]+8+/-2
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Prediction of compensation for Metabolic acidosis
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For every 1 mmHG HCO3 decrease
Decrease in PCO2 of 1.25 |
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Compensation for Metabolic Alkalosis
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For every 1 mmHG increase of HCO3 there is a increase in PCO2 of .75
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Respiratory Alkalosis compensations
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Acute for every
2 HCO3 there is a decrease 10 mmhg PC02 Chronic 4 HCO3 decrease of 10 mmgh |
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Respiratory Acidosis
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for every
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Four major causes of AG acidosis
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Ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis Renal failure Toxins |
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Anion gap
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Sodium- [Cl+HCO3-]
normal is 12 |
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Cause for decrease in Anion gap
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Lithium toxicity
Immunoglobulins (positive charge) Loss of albumin Hyperlipidemia- which causes decreased sodium |
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Decrease in albumin
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fall in albumin of 1 decreases anion gap by 2.5
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Alkalosis decrease in potassium with increase in pH
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.4-.6 decrease in potassium
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Magnesium and potassium excretion
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Hypo magnesium increases potassium excretion
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Level for hypokalemia
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Less than 3.3
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Hyperkalemia
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Greater than 5.5
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Substances that shift potassium into cell
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Insulin
Bicarb Albuterol |
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Drugs that cause hypocalcemia
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Cimetadine
Flouride Ethanol Phenytoin |
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Calcium albumin correction
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.8 increase in callcium for every 1 decrease in albumin
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Anacrotic pulse with slow initial upstroke
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Left ventricular outflow obstruction such as aortic stenosis
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pulsus bisfierens
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Aortic regurgitation
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Pulsus tardus
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Delayed A2 sound caused by aortic stenosis
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WPW
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Short PR interval
Delta wave |
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Normal PR interval
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.12-.20
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Prolonged QRS interval
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Tricyclic overdose
WPW |
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Normal QRS interval
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.06-.10
or less than .12 |
