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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ATP?
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Adenosine triphosphate a biochemical used to produce energy
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What three things is the cardiorespitory system responsible in energy production?
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Get oxygen into blood or o2 carrying capacity
Oxygen delivery Oxygen extraction |
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What two things are determine the ability for oxygen to get into blood?
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Ability to ventilate avioli in lungs
Concentration of hemoglobin in blood |
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What is hemoglobin
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It is what binds oxygen and carries it in blood to the cells.
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What is cardiac output?
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how much blood/min is pumped through the heart
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What is the formula for cardiac output?
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Q=SV x HR
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate |
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What is stroke volume?
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The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each beat
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What is heart rate?
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The number of times your heart beats/contracts per minutes
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How much does stroke volume increase during exercise?
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40-50% before it plateaus
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What does oxygen extraction depend on?
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Muscle fiber type (slow twitch)
Availability of specialized oxidative enzymes. |
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Where does ATP energy production take place?
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In the mitochondria which are considered the body's power plant.
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How does the circulatory system increase cardiac output to the active muscles?
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By decreasing the blood flow to the viscera and non active muscles
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What are the simplest components of stored food in the body (fat. carbohydrates and protein)
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fatty acids, glucose and amino acids
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What happens to food components after they are digested and absorbed or delivered to cells?
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They are either converted into energy ATP (fatty acids amino acids and glucose), used for repair and growth (protein) or stored as energy (adipose tissue and glycogen)
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Which food type is the body's preferred source of energy?
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Carbohydrates, especially in the early stages of exercise.
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Where are carbohydrates stored if they are not used in energy production?
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As glycogen in the the liver and to a lesser extent in the muscles.
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What are the three primary energy producing systems?
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Aerobic
Anaerobic Phosphogen (anaerobic) |
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What does the phosphogen system use?
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creatine phosphate
stored ATP |
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What does the anaerobic system use?
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glucose and glycogen
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What doe the aerobic system use?
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fatty acids, glucose and glycogen
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When is the phosphagen system used?
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At the beginning of exercise for very short brutes for no more than 10 seconds for a max effort
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When is anaerobic system used?
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After phosphagen, uses glucose and glycogen before aerobic can kick in and has lactic acid as a byproduct which can cause muscle fatigue and burn. Bursts of energy 1-3 minutes.
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When is aerobic system used?
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using oxygen to produce atp by breakdown of glycogen and fats. First use glycogen then fats.
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What is the Respiratory Exchange Ratio?
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the ratio of carbon dioxide produced relative to the amount of oxygen
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What is the RER formula?
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RER=Carbon dioxide/Oxygen consumed
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What is RER a marker for?
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the proportion of fat or carbs used for fuel at different intensities of steady state exercise
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An RER of 0.70 indicates what type of fuel is predominantly being used?
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Fat
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A RER of 1.0 indicates what type of fuel is predominantly being used?
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Carbohydrates
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What is oxygen consumption?
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The body's ability to take in oxygen and to use it to create energy. So the more you can take it utilize, the more exercise you can do.
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What is VO2?
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one's maximal oxygen consumption
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What is relative vO2?
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ml/kg/min takes in account weight so you can compare individuals
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What is absolute o2?
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takes out the weight so it shows calorie expenditure during specific activities
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How many calories are burned per liter of oxygen consumed?
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5kcal
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How long does it take for the body to meet the increased metabolic demand for oxygen?
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2-4 minutes
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What systems is being used during this first stage?
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Anaerobic
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What is anaerobic threshold?
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The point where your body can not supply enough oxygen so energy production switches to anaerobic
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What happens when AT is crossed?
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exercise can only be sustained for a few more minutes when hyperventilation starts to try and rid body of excess co2 which is the ventilatory threshold and lactate begins to accumulate
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What is VT1
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Ventilatory threshold 1 when the blood begins to accumulate lactate and body needs to rid itself of excess co2.
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How can you tell when someone is in VT1?
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they loose their ability to talk
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What is VT2?
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lactate increases and hyperventilation increases. very difficult to talk.
also known as lactate threshold |
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What are VT1 and VT2 used for?
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To develop training programs
For beginners VT1 should be used as upper limit For serious athletes 70-80% of training should be below VT1, 10-15% between VT1 and VT2 and 5-10% above VT2 |
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How long can VT1 be sustained in well trained?
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1-2 hours. VT1 is competitive pace for marathoner.
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How long can VT2 be sustained in well trained?
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30-60 minutes
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