• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Front

How to study your flashcards.

Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key

Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key

H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

Progress

1/26

Click to flip

Card Range To Study

through

26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
how to suspect fxnal adrenal lesion on imaging
contralateral adrenal atrophy suggests fxnal lesion on other side
are majority of adrenal lesions lipid rich or poor
lipid rich
%washout seen in adrenal adenomas
>60% absolute
>40% relative
ages of pts who develop adrenocortical CA
1st and 4th decades of life
children usually have hormonally active lesions
is adrenocortical CA usually fxnl
55% are fxnal
how to calculate absolute washout for adrenal lesion
immediate post-contrast HU-delayed HU
/
immediate post-contrast - precontrast
= absolute washout
how to calculate relative washout for adrenal lesions
immediate - delayed / immediate
most reliable CT criteria for adrenal malignancy
size, heterogeneity
most common mets in adrenocortical CA
liver > lung, LN, IVC thrombus
malignancies that commonly involve/invade IVC
primary leiomyosasrcoma of IVC
RCC
adrenal leiomyosarc
HCC
retroperitoneal mets
washout criteria and pheo
can mimic adenoma occasionally
washout characteristics are variable
is lymphoma of adrenal gland most commonly primary or secondary
secondary
if primary, it is usually b/l
appearance of adrenal lymphoma a
discrete mass or variable attenuation
infiltrative , ill-defined
most common mets to adrenal gland
lung, gastric, lymphoma, leukemia
pseudo lesions that mimc adrenal mass on CT
gastric diverticulum
splenule
varices
splenic or renal artery aneurysm (on NECT)
b/l small kdnys - ddx
prerenal: hypotension, ATH
renal: glomerulonephritis (chronic), hereditary nephropathies
post-renal: chronic papillary necrosis
any cause of u/l small kidneys, but b/l
causes of u/l small kdnys - ddx
prerenal: RAS --> ishcemia, radiation nephrtitis, renal infarction
renal: congenital hypoplasia (<5 calyces), multicystic dysplastic kdny (as an adult)
postrenal: post-obx atrophy
ddx u/l large smooth kdny
pre-renal: renal vein thrombosis, acute arterial infarct
renal: occ. ADPCKD, duplex kdny, acute pyelo, trauma, tumor, compensatory hypertrophy
poset-renal: obx, pyonephrosis
ddx b/l large smooth kidney
PCDK
glomerulonphritis
PAN
wegener's
MM
fluid from infarct, ATN, acute cortical necrosis
AIN
ddx dilated calyces/collecting system
obx
papillary necrosis
congenital megacalyces
calyceal divertic
reflux
ddx striated nephrogram
pyelo
urinary obx
renal vein thrombosis
renal contusion
hypotension
why does pyelo give an appearance of striated nephrogram
there are multiple areas of hypo perfusion 2/2 edema and microvascular occlusion
ddx cortical nephrocalcinosis
acute renal cortical necrosis (from severe acute hypotension or meds) - #1 cause of findings
chronic glomerulonephritis (destruction of glomeruli --> dystrophic calks; marked renal atrophy) - bx for etiology
oxalosis (
chronic transplant rejection
alport syndrome
appearance of cortical nephrocalcinosis
dense calcifications in b/l renal cortex
ddx medullary nephrocalcinosis
Hypercalcemia
Medullary sponge kidney
RTA - kdnys may be small
papillary necrosis
lasix/diuretics in infants
TB
ddx for papillary necrosis
Pyelo
Obx (chronic)
SCD
TB
Cirrhosis
Analgesics
Renal Vein thrombosis
DM- most common