African History: South Africa and Apartheid

-Mixed Marriages Act
-Population Registration Act
-Group Areas Act
-Suppression of Communism Act

-1950
-Illegal to marry outside your own race
-Current interracial marriages considered void
-Children of these marriages considered illegitimate

-1950
-Response to intricate mixture of ethnicities
-Police examined an individual and given a pass that told what race one was
-Only color no cultural dimension

-1950
-Color decided where one lived
-Bantu split up by ethnicity
-Could not travel to other areas unless HAD to and had proof

-1950
-Used to suppress those who rose up against Apartheid

-1912
-Lead by Zulu Albert Luthuli
-Luthuli believed peaceful protest the way to go
-Influenced by MLK

-Called by Luthuli
-Massive crowd scared police
-Shapeville Massacre
-Brought South Africa to international level
-Peaceful protest futile
-Luthuli thrown in jail and given Nobel Peace Prize

-1961
-Afrikaaners wanted to get rid of British

-1962
-Police able to detain people for 90 days those who were suspicious
-No Habeas Corpus and could be re-arrested as soon as freed

-Nelson Mandela
-Spear of the Nation

-1958
-Born in Netherlands
-Created Bantustands
-Philosopher who strongly believed Apartheid was only way to go for South Africa

-Transkei 1979
-Bophuthatswana 1977
-Venda 1979
-Ciskei 1981
-Territories widely spaced destroyed efficiency of states to govern and gain wealth
-Only the poorest land went to Bantustands
-NO LONGER SOUTH AFRICANS

-Afrikaaners wanted education to be in Afrikaan as to hider students from reading liberation texts
-Students in Soweto strike leading to violence and arrests
-ANC needed to decide on whether to use violence and peace

-ANC decides to militarize
-Economic success began to break apart (needed more labor force for skilled jobs, impossible to get this labor when needing high permission)
-By 1980 world unwilling to put up with Apartheid

-1990 became South African leader
-Similar to Gorbachev in terms of realized system wanted to change
-Asked white voters whether they would be ok to change Apartheid Acts
-Negotiated with Nelson Mandela
-2:1 voted to change Apartheid

-Mandela released
-New election held with universal voting

Mandela elected president and DeKlerk elected vice president