- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gestational hypertension
|
Blood pressure elevation detected first time after midpregnancy without proteinuria
|
|
Transient hypertension
|
Gestational HTN with no signs of preeclampsia present at time of birth and HTN resolves by 12 weeks after birth; retrospective diagnosis
|
|
Preeclampsia
|
Pregnancy-specific syndrome that usually occurs after 20 wks gestation and is determined by gestational HTN plus proteinuria
|
|
Eclampsia
|
The occurrence of seizures or coma in a women with preeclampsia that cannot be attributed to other causes
|
|
Preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
|
Chronic HTN with new proteinuria or an exacerbation of HTN (previously well controlled) or proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, or increases in hepatocellular enzymes
|
|
Risk factors for Preeclampsia
|
Nulliparity, Family hx, obesity, multifetal gestation, Hx of preeclampsia, poor outcome in previous pregnancy, preexisting medical/genetic conditions
|
|
Mild Preeclampsia
|
*BP 140/90
*Proteinuria > 0.3 g in 24h, or >30 dipstick |
|
Severe Preeclampsia
|
*BP >160/110
*Proteinuria >2g in 24h or 2+ to 3+ dipstick *Hyperreflexia, headache, blurred vision, photophobia, blind spots on fundoscopy, epigastric pain, thrombocytopenia, elevated AST and creatinine |
|
Proteinuria is a sign of?
|
Kidney damage
|
|
HELLP Syndrome
|
H-hemolysis
EL- elevated liver enzymes LP- low platelets |
|
To have a diagnosis of HELLP syndrome, the platelet count must be less than ________ and AST and ALT must be __________
|
100,000
Elevated |
|
S/S of HELLP syndrome
|
epigastric, RUQ pain, n/v
|
|
Complications of HELLP syndrome
|
Renal failure, PE, ruptured liver hematoma, DIC, abruptio placentae
|
|
Tx of HELLP syndrome
|
Delivery of the baby
|
|
Mild Preeclampsia and Home Care
|
*Daily assessment of weight, urine dipstick, BP, fetal movement
*US Q3 wks *NST 1-2x Week *BPP PRN *Bed Rest *High protein, low salt diet |
|
One of the most important goals of care for the woman with preeclampsia is prevention/control of _______.
|
seizures
|
|
What is the drug of choice in prevention and tx of convulsions caused by preeclampsia/eclampsia
|
Magnesium sulfate
|
|
Normal magnesium level
|
4-7.5 mEq/L or 5-7 mg/dl
|
|
Early symptoms of magnesium toxicity
|
decreased DTRs, nausea, a feeling of warmth, flushing, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, and slurred speech
|
|
What is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?
|
Calcium gluconate
|
|
What is the definitive cure for eclampsia?
|
Delivery of the baby
|
|
______ is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality after an eclamptic seizure
|
Aspiration
|
|
After birth, how long does it take for preeclampsia/eclampsia to resolve?
|
Usually within 48 hours
|
|
Drug of choice for HTN in pregnancy
|
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
|
|
In the newborn, what is usually the first sign of a heart defect?
|
Color
Tachypnea may also be a sign |
|
Signs of shock
(Newborn) |
Prolonged cap refill >3, pale color, poor muscle tone, lethargy, tachycardia initially then bradycardia, hypotension, cont. resp. distress despite interventions (adequate O2/ventilation)
|
|
Stage 1 HTN criteria for child
|
BP Readings 95th and 99th percentile
|
|
Stage 2 HTN criteria for child
|
BP readings over the 99th percentile +5mmHG
|
|
Essential HTN
|
No identifiable cause (genetic & environment)
|
|
Secondary HTN
|
Subsequent to a structural defect or underlying cause
|
|
Hypertension Diagnostics and Labs
|
UA, BUN/Cr, Lipid profile, CBC, CMP, Renal US, ECHO, Retinal exam
|
|
Tx for Hypertension (Child)
|
Dietary changes, weight control, increased exercise, limited salt intake, avoidance of stress/smoke, drug therapy
|
|
Risk factors for congenital heart defects
|
Family hx, chromosonal, genetic abnormalities, ETOH abuse, drug use, environmental toxins, infections, DM
|
|
Congenital Heart Defects can be classified into 2 categories
|
Cyanotic and Acyanotic
|
|
Acyanotic defects
|
Increased pulmonary blood flow
Obstruction to blood flow from ventricles |
|
Cyanotic defects
|
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
Mixed blood flow |
|
Increased pulmonary blood flow defects
|
-Atrial septal defect
-Ventricular Septal Defect -Patent Ductus Arteriosus |
|
Obstructive Defects
|
-Coarctation of the Aorta
-Aortic Stenosis -Pulmonic Stenosis |
|
Atrial Septal Defect
|
-Abnormal opening between atria that allows blood to flow from the left atria to the right atria
-Oxygenated blood enters the rt side of heart through the ASD |
|
S/S of Atrial Septal Defect
|
Asymptomatic (small hole), CHF, murmur, atrial dysrhythmias, emboli (stagnated blood), COPD (long-term)
|
|
Tx of Atrial Septal Defect
|
Surgical Dacron Patch
|
|
Ventricular Septal Defect
|
-Abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles
-Left to right shunt is caused by the flow of blood from high pressure left ventricle to low pressure right ventricle |
|
S/S of Ventricular Septal Defect
|
CHF, murmur, bacterial endocarditis, COPD
|
|
Tx of Ventricular Septal Defect
|
Surgical dacron patch, purse-string approach
|
|
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
|
-Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close within the first weeks of life
-Allows for blood to flow from the aorta to the pulm artery |
|
S/S of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
|
Asymptomatic, CHF, murmur, Wide pulse pressure, bounding pulses, bacterial endocarditis, COPD
|
|
Tx of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
|
Indomethacin, Surgery, Coils
|
|
CHF (Child)
|
Inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to systemic circulation to meet body's demands
|
|
CHF S/S
|
scalp sweating, tachycardia @ rest, decreased UOP, fatigue, restlessness, tachypnea, retractions, dyspnea, cyanosis, grunting, flaring nares, anorexia, activity intolerance, hypotensive, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, ascites, edema, weight gain
|
|
Dx for CHF
|
ECHO, CXR, EKG
|
|
Tx for CHF
|
Digoxin, diuresis, bedrest, oxygenation
|
|
Iron deficiency anemia
|
Inadequate supply of dietary iron due to increased need, impaired absorption, decreased PO intake, poor synthesis of HgB
|
|
Iron deficiency anemia
Diagnostics |
CBC shows decreased Serum Hgb/Hct, decreased Ferrous level
|
|
S/S of Iron deficiency anemia
|
activity intolerance, headache, cold extremities, increased/irregular HR
|
|
Tx for Iron Deficiency Anemia
|
-Increase dietary iron and PO supplements
-If severe or tx ineffective, IV iron and PRBCs/O2 |
|
Diagnostics for Sickle Cell Anemia
|
*Newborn screening = Sickeldex (Sickle-turbidity test), Hgb Electrophoresis "fingerprinting" of protein
|
|
Tx for Sickle Cell
|
Remember HOP
Replace blood/electrolytes, analgesics, antibiotics, vaccines |
|
Risks with sickle cell
|
Infection/sepsis, growth retardation, chronic anemia, vasoocclusive phenomena and "crisis"
|
|
Hemophilia
|
Rare bleeding disorder in which blood doesn't clot normally
|
|
Diagnostics for Hemophilia
|
Pt/Ptt, DNA
|
|
S/S of Hemophilia
|
Prolonged bleeding, excessive bruising, hematomas, hematuria, pain & swelling joints
|
|
Tx of Hemophilia
|
-Prevent/recognize/control bleeding, RICE, diet, and weight control
-Desmopressin, IV Factor VIII, corticosteroids, NSAIDs -Physical therapy |
|
Is there a cure for hemophilia?
|
Nope
|
|
RICE
|
R-Rest
I-Ice C-Compress E-Elevate and immobilize extremity |
|
Leukemia
|
Cancer of the blood cells (bone marrow and lympatic system)
|
|
Leukemia diagnostics
|
-History
-Physical manifestations -Peripheral blood smear (CBC w/diff, focus on WBCs/leukocytes), -Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy (cytometry of cells) -Lumbar Puncture |
|
Tx for Leukemia
|
Chemo, radiation, stem cell transplant, pain management, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)
|
|
Nursing management for Leukemia
|
-Aseptic technique
-Good handwashing -Screen all visitors for s/s of infection |
