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41 Cards in this Set

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Based on the modality of stimulus, what receptor type detects specific molecules (e.g. pH)?
chemoreceptors
Based on the modality of stimulus, what receptor type detects changes in temperature?
thermoreceptors
Based on the modality of stimulus, what receptor type detects light?
photoreceptors
Based on the modality of stimulus, what receptor type detects physical changes (e.g. compression or stretch) of its plasma membrane
mechanoreceptors
Name the 3 classes of mechanoreceptor associated with the following stimuli.
Touch/pressure –
Pressure –
Limb position –
tactile receptors
baroreceptors
proprioceptors
Based on the modality of stimulus, what receptor type detects chemicals from damaged cells (interpreted as pain)?
Nociceptors
What type of pain involves the perception of pain in an amputated or excised part of the body?
What is the explanation for this type of pain?
Phantom
-nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons from that limb remain alive and propagate impulses to the CNS
What type of pain occurs when pain from viscera is experienced originating in dermatomes within the skin rather than in the viscera itself?
What is the explanation for this type of pain?
referred pain
-neurons from same spinal segment innervate both the damaged organ and the cutaneous region where the pain is felt
What is the technical term for the sense of taste?
gustation
What cranial nerves carry sensations of taste to the brain?
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
What is the technical term for the sense of smell?
Olfaction
What cranial nerve carries impulses from olfactory receptors to the brain?
olfactory (I)
What stratified squamous epithelial tissue layer forms a lining over the eye (other than the cornea) and the inside of the eyelids and helps to lubricate the eye?
Conjunctiva
What gland, located superolateral to the eye, produces tears?
lacrimal gland
What openings drain tears from the eye into small canals leading medially?
lacrimal puncta
What canal drains tears into the nose?
Nasolacrimal duct
The eye consists of 3 layers or tunics. Name them.
Superficial –
Middle –
Deep –
fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
neural tunic
What is the avascular, transparent anterior portion of the fibrous tunic?
cornea
What is the technical term for the white of the eye (dense fibrous connective tissue)?
sclera
What region of the vascular tunic is found in the posterior aspect of the eye and houses a vast network of capillaries to supply the retina?
choroid
What is the thickened portion of the vascular tunic near the lens that contains a muscular ring and secretes aqueous humor?
ciliary body
What portion of the vascular tunic, the most anterior, is pigmented adjustable ring that determines the amount of light passing into the eye?
What do we call the hole in this muscular ring?
iris
-pupil
What layer of the eye, also referred to as the neural tunic, contains photoreceptors?
retina
What is the technical term of the posterior portion of the eye where neurons of the optic nerve form a round structure often referred to as the blinds spot because of its lack of photoreceptors?
optic disc
What round, pigmented area, containing a high density of cones (no rods), is located lateral to the blind spot on the posterior wall of the eye?
What location within the area provides our sharpest vision?
macula latea
-fovea centralis
What strong, deformable and elastic, transparent, bi-convex disc is located posterior to the iris?
lens
What structures attach the lens (via the lens capsule) to the muscles that change its shape?
suspensory ligaments
What are the names of the muscles responsible for changing the shape of the lens?
ciliary muscles
Describe the status of the ciliary muscles and the lens when viewing things up close and at a distance.
Close –
Distance –
-ciliary muscles contracted, lens bi-convex, Fatigue
-Ciliary muscles relaxed, lens flat
The lens divides the eye into two spaces. Name each and name the material that fills each space.
posterior(vitreous) cavity- vitreous humer
anterior cavity- aqueos humor
What is the name of the structure, found anterior to the pituitary, formed by the convergence of some of the tracts of the optic nerve?
optic chiasm
What are the 3 anatomical regions of the ear?
external, middle and internal
What do we call the skin covered flap of elastic cartilage that forms the projecting portion of the external ear?
pinna
What is the technical term for the funnel-shaped epithelial tissue sheet that separates the external auditory canal from the middle ear cavity?
tympanum
What structure connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx, allowing use to equalize the pressure of the middle ear with the external pressure?
auditory tube
List the auditory ossicles from lateral to medial?
malleus, incus, Stapes
What structures are the malleus and stapes attached to?
Malleus –
Stapes –
-Tympanum
-Oval window
What do we call the bony space holding the inner ear, and the fluid filled tubes that sit in them?
-bony labyrinth
-membranous labyrinth
What is the name of the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for hearing?
cochlea
What do we call the half-circle shaped structures of the ear responsible for rotational equilibrium?
semicircular canals
What do we call the middle portion of the inner ear responsible for gravitational equilibrium?
vestibule