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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What quadrant: small bowel
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All
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What quadrant: Liver
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Right Upper / left upper (left lobe)
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What quadrant: Gallbladder
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Right upper
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What quadrant: pylorus
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Right upper
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What quadrant: Duodenum
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Right upper
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What quadrant: Head of pancreas
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Right upper
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What quadrant: hepatic flexure of colon
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Right upper
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What quadrant: ascending colon
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Right upper and right lower
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What quadrant: transverse colon
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Right upper and left upper
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What quadrant: right adrenal gland
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Right upper
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What quadrant: right kidney
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Right upper / right lower
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What quadrant: spleen
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left upper
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What quadrant: stomach
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left upper
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What quadrant: body of pancreas
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left upper
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What quadrant: splenic flexure of colon
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Left upper
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What quadrant: descending colon
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Left upper / left lower
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What quadrant: left adrenal gland
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Left upper
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What quadrant: cecum
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Right lower
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What quadrant: appendix
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Right lower
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What quadrant: right ureter
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Right lower
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What quadrant: sigmoid colon
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Left lower
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What quadrant: left ureter
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Left lower
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What are the three planes of the abdominal surface?
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Midclavicular
Subcostal - L3 Transtubercular - L5 / illiac crest |
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What are some contents that can be found at the transpyloric plane?
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Pylorus, body of pancreas, portal vein
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What structure separates the left and right rectus abdominis?
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linea alba
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What happens at the arcuate line?
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Above the line, the rectus sheath only consists of external oblique and anterior internal oblique. Below it, rectus sheath consists of transverse abdominus.
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What does the linea semilunaris correspond to?
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lateral border of rectus abdominus
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Where does the inguinal ligament go to / from?
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ASIS to pubic symphisis
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What are the two types of fascia encountered in the abdominal area?
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Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia |
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What is the function of camper's fascia?
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Adipose-filled for insulation
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Scarpa's fascia continues with the fascia of what organ in females? What organ in males?
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Labia / scrotum
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What is the outer most muscle of the abdominal cavity?
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external oblique
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Which abdominal muscle forms the inguinal ligament?
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Inferior margin of aponeurosis of external oblique
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Fibers from the internal oblique become what muscle?
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cremasteric muscle in spermatacord
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What is the innermost abdominal muscle?
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Transversus abdominus
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Which muscle makes up the deep inguinal ring?
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transverse abdominus
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Fascia of what muscle becomes internal spermatic fascia?
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Transversalus fascia
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What are the actions of the abdominal wall muscles?
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Compression and support of abdominal viscera, flexion and rotation of trunk
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What nerve innervates the abdominal wall muscles?
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thoracic nerves
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What is the action of the rectus abdominus?
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Flexes trunk
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What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?
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Thoracic nerves
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What is the rectus sheath?
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Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus.
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What two structures drain lymphatics above the umbilicus?
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pectoral and internal thoracic nodes
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What structure drains lymphatics below the umbilicus?
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Inguinal nodes
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What nerves innervate the abdominal wall?
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posterior intercostals
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What two abdominal dermatomes are relevant to the abdominal wall?
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T10 - umbilicus
T12 - Suprapubic |
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Where are the testicles located during fetal development?
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Intraabdominal
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What structure is formed as the testicles descend?
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Inguinal canal.
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What structure in females descends though inguinal canal during fetal development?
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Round ligament
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The gubernaculum in females ultimately makes up what two structures?
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round ligament, ovarian ligament
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The external spermatic fascia is derived from what structure?
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External oblique
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What nerve goes through the inguinal canal but is not part of the spermatic cord?
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Ilioinguinal nerve
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The scrotum is composed of what type of fascia?
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dartos fascia
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What charactaristic does dartos fascia provide to the scrotum?
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it's rugose (wrinkled) apperance
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The cremasteric reflex is composed of what nerve for sensory innervation? motor innervation? What is the spinal nerve correlation?
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Sensory - ilioinguinal nerve
Motor - genitofemoral nerve Both L1-L2 |
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What is the outer layer of the testicle called?
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tunica vaginalis
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Where are sperm produced?
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seminiferous tubule
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Describe path of sperm.
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Seminiferous tubules > epididymis > vas deferens > pass seminal vesicle > urethra
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What two chemicals are secreted at the seminal vessicle (ejaculatory ducts)?
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sperm food (fructose)
prostaglandins (uterine contraction) |
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What is the lining of the abdominal cavity called?
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peritoneum
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What is the outer lining of the peritoneum called?
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parietal peritoneum
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What is the inner lining of the peritoneum called?
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visceral peritoneum
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What are three functions of mesentery?
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Encase intraperitoneal organs
Attach intraperitoneal organs to abdominal wall Transmit NAV to intraperitoneal organs |
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What are the two main functions of the omentum?
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Cushion viscera
Migrate to infection |
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What are the borders of the greater omentum?
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Greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
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What are the borders of the lesser omentum?
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Lesser curvature of stomach to liver
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What is the omental foramen / foreamen of winslow / epiploic foramen? What can be found there?
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Free edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament. Portal triad is posterior: portal vein, bile ducts, hepatic artery
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What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal and secondarily retroperitoneal?
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Intraperitoneal organs have mesentery. Retroperitoneal organs do not (kidneys included). Used to have mesentary but lost it during development (pancreas, duodenum, as/de colon)
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Where does nerve supply come from for the abdominal region?
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ANS
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At what landmark does the esophagus join the stomach?
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T11
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What is the blood supply to the esophagus?
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Left gastric
Left inferior phrenic |
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What two nerve innervate the esophagus?
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Vagus, sympathetics from thoracic trunk
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What artery supplies the superior duodenum?
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superior pancreaticoduodenal
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What artery supplies the inferior part of the duodenum?
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Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
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Where does the duodenum drains its lymph fluid?
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celiac nodes
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What is the largest gland in the body?
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Liver
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What is the purpose of the portal vein
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Delivers all digested substances for filtration
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What five functions does the liver serve?
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Bile production
Protein production Storage of glycogen Blood clotting factors Hemoglobin iron removal |
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What is the surface anatomy correlation of the right liver lobe?
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4/5 intercostal space to the 10th intercostal space
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What is the surface anatomy correlation of the left liver lobe?
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Midline of the 5th intercostal space
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The right and left liver lobe are separated by what structure which also attaches it to the anterior wall of the abdomen?
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falciform ligament
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What is the name of the structure that was once the umbilical vein?
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ligamentum teres
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Most of the liver is encased in what? Which part of the liver does not have this encasement?
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Visceral peritineum. Bare area.
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The right lobe of the liver has what two "sub lobes"
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Quadrate
Caudate |
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How many functional divisions of the liver are available for transplant purposes?
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8
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The portal vein is formed by the merging of which two veins?
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splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein |
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What structure drains the liver itself?
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hepatic vein (to IVC)
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What is the function of the gallbladder?
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Store and concentrate bile
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What is path of the hepatic biliary tree?
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right and left hepatic ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct which exit the liver to join the cystic duct (w/ gallbladder) and to the common bile duct which joins the pancreatic duct.
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The pancreas produces which three substances?
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Production of pancreatic enzymes, glucagon, and insulin.
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The ampulla / sphincter of oddi is formed by what two structures?
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Common bile duct and pancreatic duct
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What is the landmark for the spleen?
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Between ribs 9 and 11
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At what point does the duodenum become the jejunum?
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Distal to the ligament of Treitz
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What structure allows for passage of contents from small intestine to large intestine?
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iliocecal valve
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The ascending / transverse colon receives arterial blood from what main artery? Which three branches?
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Superior mesenteric artery... ileocolic, right colic artery, middle colic,
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The descending colon receives arterial supplies from what main artery? Which branches?
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inferior mesenteric / left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal, middle rectal (internal illiac), inferior rectal (internal pudendal)
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What main artery provides blood to the ileum and jejunum? What three sub arteries?
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Superior mesenteric. jejunal arteries, ileocolic artery, and ileal arteries.
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The ringed structure of the large intestines are known as what? What are they formed by?
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Haustra. Tenia coli.
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The kidneys are surrounded by what?
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Perinephric fat
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Which kidney lies more inferiorly than the other? Why?
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Right because of liver.
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Which two structures supply blood to the kidneys?
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rental artery (directly from aorta) and accessory renal arteries
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What is the suprarenal gland?
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Endocrine gland.
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What are the two parts of the suprarenal gland? What does each secrete?
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Cortex: corticosteroid and androgen.
Medulla: SNS, epi, norepi |
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What is the arterial supply to the suprarenal gland?
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Suprarenal artery (off renal artery) and phrenic artery
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The abdominal aorta has three unpaired visceral branches and three paired visceral branches. What are they?
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Paired: suprarenal, gonadal, renal
Unpaired: celiac, SMA, IMA |
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Where does the inferior vena cava start?
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At the union of the common iliac veins
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What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?
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Lateral trunk flexion
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What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
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subcostal and lumbar nerves
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