Anatomy Final Flash Cards

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Title:	Anatomy Final
Description:	Flashcards for the Anatomy/Phisiology Class I took in semester 1 2011.
Number of Cards:	86
Save Count:	0
Author:	kelsa2214
Created:	2011-12-16
Tags:	final test
Private	No

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- Question
- Answer
- Side 3

- what is the study of many structures that make up the body and how those structures realate to eachother
- Anatomy
- study of the functions of the body's structures
- Physiology
- the state of relative stability of the body's internal environment
- Homeostasis
- superior
- tword the head
- inferior
- tword the feet
- anterior
- tword the front of the body
- posterior
- tword the back of the body
- medial
- tword the back of he body
- lateral
- Away from the midline of the body
- proximal
- tword the trunk of the body or attached appendage
- distal
- away from the trunk of the body or attached appendage
- superficial
- nearer to the surface of the body
- deep
- farther form the suface of the body
- medullary
- the inner region
- cortical
- the outer region
- order working units in the body from smallest to largest
- atoms, elements, compounds, organelles,cells, tissue, organs, organ system
- list the most commonly found elements in living things
- Hydrogen, Carbon, Phosporus, Sulfur, Oxygen, Nitrogen
- list the three organic compound and their purpose
- carbohydrate-used for chemical energy storage, Lipid-used for long'term chemical energy storage, protein-used for building material in the cell or helps important metabolic reactions
  nucleic acid-stores genetic information (DNA, RNA)
- what is the cell theory
- 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the smallest unit retaining the properties of life
  3.Life continues by the growth and division of single cells
  4. An organism as a whole can be understood through the collective activities and ineractions of its cells
- 3 things all cells have in common
- Plasma membrane, Chromatin area or DNA, cytoplasm
- difference between active and passive transport
- Active-energy used, molecules move from an area of low concentration to and area of high concentration
  Passive-no energy needed, Molecules move from an area of high concentratioln to an area of low concentration until equal
- define osmosis
- moviment of water through diffusion
- diffusion
- ions move through a semipermeable membrane
- dialysis
- movement of dissolved particles (solutes) in water
- isotonic solution
- solution in which dissolved substance in solution is equal
- what is a hypotonic solution
- create a low concentration of water inside cell and causes cells membrane to burst as water moves in
- what is a hypertonic solution
- creatis a high concentration of water inside cell and causes cell to shrivel
- endocytosis
- engulfing of materials inside the cell
- exocytosis
- expelling materials outside of cell
- what is cystic fibrosis
- imparment of chloride ion pump resulting in production of thick salty sweat and mucus
- nucleus
- houses genetic material
- nuclear envelope
- controls what enters or exits the nucleus
- nucleolus
- dense region of nuclear material
- cytoplasm
- gel-like substance locatoed between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
- cytoskeleton
- framework of cell made of microtubules
- lysosome
- double membrane organelle filled with digestive enzymes
- endoplasmic reticulum
- network of connecting sacs and canals through which organic compouds are stored
- rough er
- protein
- smooth er
- carbs and lipids
- ribosomes
- tiny particles that assemble proteins that can be found in the cytoplasm or rough er
- vesicle
- fluid filled sacs that transport material
- Golgi apparatus
- tiny, flattened sacs stacked upon eachother that package, and modify materlas sent from the er
- vacuole
- fluid filled membrane sacs used for storage
- mitochondrion
- double membrane organelle where chemical reacthons occur to form energy for the cell (ATP0
- cilia and flagella
- help with movement of a cell or materials over a cell
- steps to processing a food particle in an animal cell
- 1. Cell transport brings food in through plasma membrane 2. Lysosome break food down further 3.ER sorts and protein goes to rough and lipids/carbs go to smooth 4.Vesicle transports food to golgi body which packages and modifys it 5.stored in vacuole or used right away by mitochondrion
- histology
- study of types of tissue
- 4 tissue types
- connective, epithelial, nerve, muscle
- epithelial tissue
- covers the body and lines many parts usually compact with little inertcellular material or matrix
- connecive tissue
- abundance of variety of forms, but all include matrix of intercellular material
- Nerve tissue
- contains nerve cells that rapidly commuinicate between body structures to control body functions
- muscle tissue
- contain specially designed cells wiht a high degreeof contractibility
- integumentary system includes:
- skin and appendages
- skeletal system includes:
- bones and joints
- muscle system includes:
- includes muscles
- Nervous system includes
- brain, spinal cord and nerves
- senses system includes
- 5 senses and sensory organs
- digestive system
- organs that break down food
- respiratory system
- nose breathing tubes lungs
- cardiovascular system
- heart blood, blood vessels
- integumentary system includes
- nails sweat glands oil glands hair
- primary functions of integumentary system
- protects against fluid loss, invaders, uv rays, sense of touch, temperature regulation, waste elimination and produces vitamin D
- skin is made of ______ tissue
- epithelial tissue
- how epithilial tissue is classified
- shape of cells number of layers of cells
- another term for skin
- cutaneous membrane
- what is a serous membrane
- membranes found in intermal enclosed cavities
- membrane covering thoracic cavity
- pleura
- membrane covering abdominal cavity
- peritoneum
- two layers of serous membranes
- pariel (outer) visceral (inner)
- three main layers of skin
- epidermis dermis, hypodermis
- epidermis has 5 layers what are they? (deepest to outermost)
- Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
- what 4 things are located in the dermis
- nerves, blood vessels, hair follicle, and glands
- parallel row of peg-like projections creating and upward raisof epidermis forming finger prints
- dermal papillae
- what is the main thing in the hypodermis
- fatty tissue to absorb pressure on the skin
- the arrector pilli creates what on the skin
- goosebumps by raising the hair